lfs-book-i18n/zh_CN/chapter02/creatingpartition.po

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#. type: Content of: <sect1><title>
msgid "Creating a New Partition"
msgstr "创建新的分区"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><para>
msgid ""
"Like most other operating systems, LFS is usually installed on a dedicated "
"partition. The recommended approach to building an LFS system is to use an "
"available empty partition or, if you have enough unpartitioned space, to "
"create one."
msgstr ""
"像其他操作系统那样，LFS 一般也被安装在一个专用的分区。我们推荐您为 LFS 选择一"
"个可用的空分区，或者在有充足未划分空间的情况下，创建一个新分区。"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><para>
msgid ""
"A minimal system requires a partition of around 10 gigabytes (GB).  This is "
"enough to store all the source tarballs and compile the packages.  However, "
"if the LFS system is intended to be the primary Linux system, additional "
"software will probably be installed which will require additional space. A "
"30 GB partition is a reasonable size to provide for growth.  The LFS system "
"itself will not take up this much room.  A large portion of this requirement "
"is to provide sufficient free temporary storage as well as for adding "
"additional capabilities after LFS is complete. Additionally, compiling "
"packages can require a lot of disk space which will be reclaimed after the "
"package is installed."
msgstr ""
"一个最小的系统需要大小约 10 吉字节 (GB) 的分区。这足够保存所有源代码压缩包，"
"并且编译所有软件包。然而，如果希望用 LFS 作为日常的 Linux 系统，很可能需要安"
"装额外软件，需要更多空间。一个 30 GB 的分区是比较合理的。LFS 系统本身用不了太"
"多空间，但大分区可以提供足够的临时存储空间，以及在 LFS 构建完成后增添附加功能"
"需要的空间。另外，编译软件包可能需要大量磁盘空间，但在软件包安装完成后可以回"
"收这些空间。"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><para>
msgid ""
"Because there is not always enough Random Access Memory (RAM) available for "
"compilation processes, it is a good idea to use a small disk partition as "
"<systemitem class=\"filesystem\">swap</systemitem> space. This is used by "
"the kernel to store seldom-used data and leave more memory available for "
"active processes. The <systemitem class=\"filesystem\">swap</systemitem> "
"partition for an LFS system can be the same as the one used by the host "
"system, in which case it is not necessary to create another one."
msgstr ""
"计算机未必有足够满足编译过程要求的内存 (RAM) 空间，因此可以使用一个小的磁盘分"
"区作为 <systemitem class=\"filesystem\">swap</systemitem> 空间。内核使用此分"
"区存储很少使用的数据，从而为活动进程留出更多内存。LFS 的 <systemitem class="
"\"filesystem\">swap</systemitem> 分区可以和宿主系统共用，这样就不用专门为 "
"LFS 创建一个。"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><para>
msgid ""
"Start a disk partitioning program such as <command>cfdisk</command> or "
"<command>fdisk</command> with a command line option naming the hard disk on "
"which the new partition will be created&mdash;for example <filename class="
"\"devicefile\">/dev/sda</filename> for the primary disk drive. Create a "
"Linux native partition and a <systemitem class=\"filesystem\">swap</"
"systemitem> partition, if needed. Please refer to <filename>cfdisk(8)</"
"filename> or <filename>fdisk(8)</filename> if you do not yet know how to use "
"the programs."
msgstr ""
"启动一个磁盘分区程序，例如 <command>cfdisk</command> 或者<command>fdisk</"
"command>。在启动分区程序时需要一个命令行参数，表示希望创建新分区的硬盘，例如"
"主硬盘 <filename class=\"devicefile\">/dev/sda</filename>。创建一个 Linux 原"
"生分区，如果有必要的话再创建一个 <systemitem class=\"filesystem\">swap</"
"systemitem> 分区。请参考 <filename>cfdisk(8)</filename> 或者 "
"<filename>fdisk(8)</filename> 来学习如何使用分区程序。"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><note><para>
msgid ""
"For experienced users, other partitioning schemes are possible.  The new LFS "
"system can be on a software <ulink url=\"&blfs-book;postlfs/raid.html"
"\">RAID</ulink> array or an <ulink url=\"&blfs-book;postlfs/aboutlvm.html"
"\">LVM</ulink> logical volume.  However, some of these options require an "
"<ulink url=\"&blfs-book;postlfs/initramfs.html\">initramfs</ulink>, which is "
"an advanced topic.  These partitioning methodologies are not recommended for "
"first time LFS users."
msgstr ""
"有经验的用户可以尝试其他分区架构。LFS 系统可以被构建在软件 <ulink url="
"\"&blfs-book;postlfs/raid.html\">RAID</ulink> 阵列或 <ulink url=\"&blfs-book;"
"postlfs/aboutlvm.html\">LVM</ulink> 逻辑卷上。然而，一些分区架构需要 <ulink "
"url=\"&blfs-book;postlfs/initramfs.html\">initramfs</ulink>，这是一个比较复杂"
"的话题。对于初次构建 LFS 的用户来说，不推荐采用这些分区方法。"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><para>
msgid ""
"Remember the designation of the new partition (e.g., <filename class="
"\"devicefile\">sda5</filename>). This book will refer to this as the LFS "
"partition. Also remember the designation of the <systemitem class="
"\"filesystem\">swap</systemitem> partition. These names will be needed later "
"for the <filename>/etc/fstab</filename> file."
msgstr ""
"牢记新分区的代号 (例如 <filename class=\"devicefile\">sda5</filename> )。本书"
"将这个分区称为 LFS 分区。还需要记住 <systemitem class=\"filesystem\">swap</"
"systemitem> 分区的代号。之后在设置 <filename>/etc/fstab</filename> 文件时要用"
"到这些代号。"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><title>
msgid "Other Partition Issues"
msgstr "其他分区问题"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><para>
msgid ""
"Requests for advice on system partitioning are often posted on the LFS "
"mailing lists. This is a highly subjective topic.  The default for most "
"distributions is to use the entire drive with the exception of one small "
"swap partition.  This is not optimal for LFS for several reasons.  It "
"reduces flexibility, makes sharing of data across multiple distributions or "
"LFS builds more difficult, makes backups more time consuming, and can waste "
"disk space through inefficient allocation of file system structures."
msgstr ""
"经常有人在 LFS 邮件列表询问如何进行系统分区。这是一个相当主观的问题。许多发行"
"版在默认情况下会使用整个磁盘，只留下一个小的 swap 分区。对于 LFS 来说，这往往"
"不是最好的方案。它削弱了系统的灵活性，使得我们难以在多个发行版或 LFS 系统之间"
"共享数据，增加系统备份时间，同时导致文件系统结构的不合理分配，浪费磁盘空间。"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><sect3><title>
msgid "The Root Partition"
msgstr "根分区"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><sect3><para>
msgid ""
"A root LFS partition (not to be confused with the <filename class=\"directory"
"\">/root</filename> directory) of twenty gigabytes is a good compromise for "
"most systems.  It provides enough space to build LFS and most of BLFS, but "
"is small enough so that multiple partitions can be easily created for "
"experimentation."
msgstr ""
"一个 LFS 根分区 (不要与 <filename class=\"directory\">/root</filename> 目录混"
"淆) 一般分配 20 GB 的空间就足以保证多数系统的运行。它提供了构建 LFS 以及 "
"BLFS 的大部分软件包的充足空间，但又不太大，因此能够创建多个分区，多次尝试构"
"建 LFS 系统。"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><sect3><title>
msgid "The Swap Partition"
msgstr "交换 (Swap) 分区"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><sect3><para>
msgid ""
"Most distributions automatically create a swap partition.  Generally the "
"recommended size of the swap partition is about twice the amount of physical "
"RAM, however this is rarely needed.  If disk space is limited, hold the swap "
"partition to two gigabytes and monitor the amount of disk swapping."
msgstr ""
"许多发行版自动创建交换空间。一般来说，推荐采用两倍于物理内存的交换空间，然而"
"这几乎没有必要。如果磁盘空间有限，可以创建不超过 2GB 的交换空间，并注意它的使"
"用情况。"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><sect3><para>
msgid ""
"If you want to use the hibernation feature (suspend-to-disk) of Linux, it "
"writes out the contents of RAM to the swap partition before turning off the "
"machine. In this case the size of the swap partition should be at least as "
"large as the system's installed RAM."
msgstr ""
"如果您希望使用 Linux 的休眠功能 (挂起到磁盘)，它会在关机前将内存内容写入到交"
"换分区。这种情况下，交换分区的大小应该至少和系统内存相同。"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><sect3><para>
msgid ""
"Swapping is never good. For mechanical hard drives you can generally tell if "
"a system is swapping by just listening to disk activity and observing how "
"the system reacts to commands.  For an SSD drive you will not be able to "
"hear swapping but you can tell how much swap space is being used by the "
"<command>top</command> or <command>free</command> programs.  Use of an SSD "
"drive for a swap partition should be avoided if possible.  The first "
"reaction to swapping should be to check for an unreasonable command such as "
"trying to edit a five gigabyte file. If swapping becomes a normal "
"occurrence, the best solution is to purchase more RAM for your system."
msgstr ""
"交换到磁盘从来就不是一件好事。对于机械硬盘，通过听硬盘的工作噪声，同时观察系"
"统的响应速度，就能说出系统是否在交换。对于 SSD，您无法听到工作噪声，但可以使"
"用<command>top</command> 或 <command>free</command> 程序查看使用了多少交换空"
"间。应该尽量避免使用 SSD 设备作为交换分区。一旦发生交换，首先检查是否输入了不"
"合理的命令，例如试图编辑一个 5GB 的文件。如果交换时常发生，最好的办法是为你的"
"系统添置内存。"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><sect3><title>
msgid "The Grub Bios Partition"
msgstr "Grub Bios 分区"

# "Critical" warning suppressed because in Chinese we have no we to put "EF02" earlier.
#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><sect3><para>
msgid ""
"If the <emphasis>boot disk</emphasis> has been partitioned with a GUID "
"Partition Table (GPT), then a small, typically 1 MB, partition must be "
"created if it does not already exist.  This partition is not formatted, but "
"must be available for GRUB to use during installation of the boot loader. "
"This partition will normally be labeled 'BIOS Boot' if using <command>fdisk</"
"command> or have a code of <emphasis>EF02</emphasis> if using "
"<command>gdisk</command>."
msgstr ""
"如果 <emphasis>启动磁盘</emphasis> 采用 GUID 分区表 (GPT)，那么必须创建一个小"
"的，一般占据 1MB 的分区，除非它已经存在。这个分区不能格式化，在安装启动引导器"
"时必须能够被 GRUB 发现。这个分区在 <command>fdisk</command> 下显示为 'BIOS "
"Boot' 分区，在 <command>gdisk</command> 下显示分区类型代号为 <emphasis>EF02</"
"emphasis>。"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><sect3><note><para>
msgid ""
"The Grub Bios partition must be on the drive that the BIOS uses to boot the "
"system.  This is not necessarily the same drive where the LFS root partition "
"is located. Disks on a system may use different partition table types.  The "
"requirement for this partition depends only on the partition table type of "
"the boot disk."
msgstr ""
"Grub Bios 分区必须位于 BIOS 引导系统使用的磁盘上。这个磁盘未必是 LFS 根分区所"
"在的磁盘。不同磁盘可以使用不同分区表格式，只有引导盘采用 GPT 时才必须创建该分"
"区。"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><sect3><title>
msgid "Convenience Partitions"
msgstr "常用分区"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><sect3><para>
msgid ""
"There are several other partitions that are not required, but should be "
"considered when designing a disk layout.  The following list is not "
"comprehensive, but is meant as a guide."
msgstr ""
"还有其他几个并非必须，但在设计磁盘布局时应当考虑的分区。下面的列表并不完整，"
"但可以作为一个参考。"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><sect3><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"/boot &ndash; Highly recommended.  Use this partition to store kernels and "
"other booting information.  To minimize potential boot problems with larger "
"disks, make this the first physical partition on your first disk drive.  A "
"partition size of 200 megabytes is quite adequate."
msgstr ""
"boot &ndash; 高度推荐。这个分区可以存储内核和其他引导信息。为了减少大磁盘可能"
"引起的问题，建议将 /boot 分区设为第一块磁盘的第一个分区。为它分配 200 MB 就绰"
"绰有余。"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><sect3><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"/home &ndash; Highly recommended.  Share your home directory and user "
"customization across multiple distributions or LFS builds.  The size is "
"generally fairly large and depends on available disk space."
msgstr ""
"/home &ndash; 高度推荐。独立的 /home 分区可以在多个发行版或 LFS 系统之间共享 "
"home 目录和用户设置。它的尺寸一般很大，取决于硬盘的可用空间。"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><sect3><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"/usr &ndash; A separate /usr partition is generally used if providing a "
"server for a thin client or diskless workstation.  It is normally not needed "
"for LFS.  A size of ten gigabytes will handle most installations."
msgstr ""
"/usr &ndash; 一个独立的 /usr 分区一般被用于瘦客户端或无盘站的服务器，LFS 一般"
"不需要。为它划分 10GB 足够满足多数系统的要求。"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><sect3><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"/opt &ndash; This directory is most useful for BLFS where multiple "
"installations of large packages like Gnome or KDE can be installed without "
"embedding the files in the /usr hierarchy.  If used, 5 to 10 gigabytes is "
"generally adequate."
msgstr ""
"/opt &ndash; 这个目录往往被用于在 BLFS 中安装 Gnome 或 KDE 等大型软件，以免把"
"大量文件塞进 /usr 目录树。如果将它划分为独立分区，5 到 10 GB 一般就足够了。"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><sect3><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"/tmp &ndash; A separate /tmp directory is rare, but useful if configuring a "
"thin client.  This partition, if used, will usually not need to exceed a "
"couple of gigabytes."
msgstr ""
"/tmp &ndash; 一个独立的 /tmp 分区是很少见的，但在配置瘦客户端时很有用。如果分"
"配了这个分区，大小一般不会超过几个 GB。"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><sect3><itemizedlist><listitem><para>
msgid ""
"/usr/src &ndash; This partition is very useful for providing a location to "
"store BLFS source files and share them across LFS builds.  It can also be "
"used as a location for building BLFS packages.  A reasonably large partition "
"of 30-50 gigabytes allows plenty of room."
msgstr ""
"/usr/src &ndash; 将它划分为独立分区，可以用于存储 BLFS 源代码，并在多个 LFS "
"系统之间共享它们。它也可以用于编译 BLFS 软件包。30-50 GB 的分区可以提供足够的"
"空间。"

#. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><sect3><para>
msgid ""
"Any separate partition that you want automatically mounted upon boot needs "
"to be specified in the <filename>/etc/fstab</filename>.  Details about how "
"to specify partitions will be discussed in <xref linkend=\"ch-bootable-fstab"
"\"/>."
msgstr ""
"如果您希望在启动时自动挂载任何一个独立的分区，就要在 <filename>/etc/fstab</"
"filename> 文件中说明。有关指定分区的细节将在 <xref linkend=\"ch-bootable-"
"fstab\"/> 中讨论。"