msgid "Adjusting the Toolchain" msgstr "调整工具链" #. type: Content of: <sect1><para> msgid "" "Now that the final C libraries have been installed, it is time to adjust the " "toolchain so that it will link any newly compiled program against these new " "libraries." msgstr "" "现在最终的 C 运行库已经安装好了，这时就要调整工具链，以便将新编译的任何程序都" "链接到新的 C 运行库。" #. type: Content of: <sect1><para> msgid "" "First, backup the <filename class=\"directory\">/tools</filename> linker, " "and replace it with the adjusted linker we made in chapter 5. We'll also " "create a link to its counterpart in <filename class=\"directory\">/tools/" "$(uname -m)-pc-linux-gnu/bin</filename>:" msgstr "" "首先，备份 <filename class=\"directory\">/tools</filename> 中的链接器，把它替" "换成第 5 章准备的调整好的链接器。我们也会把 <filename class=\"directory\">/" "tools/$(uname -m)-pc-linux-gnu/bin</filename> 中对应的链接器替换成一个符号链" "接：" #. type: Content of: <sect1><screen> #, no-wrap msgid "" "<userinput>mv -v /tools/bin/{ld,ld-old}\n" "mv -v /tools/$(uname -m)-pc-linux-gnu/bin/{ld,ld-old}\n" "mv -v /tools/bin/{ld-new,ld}\n" "ln -sv /tools/bin/ld /tools/$(uname -m)-pc-linux-gnu/bin/ld</userinput>" msgstr "" "<userinput>mv -v /tools/bin/{ld,ld-old}\n" "mv -v /tools/$(uname -m)-pc-linux-gnu/bin/{ld,ld-old}\n" "mv -v /tools/bin/{ld-new,ld}\n" "ln -sv /tools/bin/ld /tools/$(uname -m)-pc-linux-gnu/bin/ld</userinput>" #. type: Content of: <sect1><para> msgid "" "the next command amends the GCC specs file to achieve three goals: first " "point GCC to the new dynamic linker. Simply deleting all instances of " "<quote>/tools</quote> should leave us with the correct path to the dynamic " "linker. Second, let GCC know where to find the Glibc start files. Third, add " "the /usr/include directory at the end of the default search path, so that " "header files added in chapter 6 are found. A <command>sed</command> command " "accomplishes this:" msgstr "" "下面修改 GCC 的 specs 文件，使其指向新的动态链接器。把所有的 <quote>/tools</" "quote> 删除掉就会留下正确的路径。另外，调整 specs 文件，使得 GCC 知道去哪里寻" "找正确的头文件和 Glibc 启动文件。最后，在默认搜索路径之后加入 /usr/include 目" "录。一个 <command>sed</command> 命令即可完成以上工作：" #. type: Content of: <sect1><screen> #, no-wrap msgid "" "<userinput>gcc -dumpspecs | sed -e 's@/tools@@g' \\\n" " -e '/\\*startfile_prefix_spec:/{n;s@.*@/usr/lib/ @}' \\\n" " -e '/\\*cpp:/{n;s@$@ -idirafter /usr/include@}' > \\\n" " `dirname $(gcc --print-libgcc-file-name)`/specs</userinput>" msgstr "" "<userinput>gcc -dumpspecs | sed -e 's@/tools@@g' \\\n" " -e '/\\*startfile_prefix_spec:/{n;s@.*@/usr/lib/ @}' \\\n" " -e '/\\*cpp:/{n;s@$@ -idirafter /usr/include@}' > \\\n" " `dirname $(gcc --print-libgcc-file-name)`/specs</userinput>" #. type: Content of: <sect1><para> msgid "" "It is a good idea to visually inspect the specs file to verify the intended " "change was actually made." msgstr "这时最好浏览一下生成的 specs 文件，以确认确实进行了我们期望的修改。" #. type: Content of: <sect1><para> msgid "" "It is imperative at this point to ensure that the basic functions (compiling " "and linking) of the adjusted toolchain are working as expected. To do this, " "perform the following sanity checks:" msgstr "" "现在的当务之急是保证调整过的工具链的基本功能 (编译和链接) 能够像我们期望的那" "样工作。为此，进行下列完整性检查：" #. type: Content of: <sect1><screen> #, no-wrap msgid "" "<userinput>echo 'int main(){}' > dummy.c\n" "cc dummy.c -v -Wl,--verbose &> dummy.log\n" "readelf -l a.out | grep ': /lib'</userinput>" msgstr "" "<userinput>echo 'int main(){}' > dummy.c\n" "cc dummy.c -v -Wl,--verbose &> dummy.log\n" "readelf -l a.out | grep ': /lib'</userinput>" #. type: Content of: <sect1><para> msgid "" "There should be no errors, and the output of the last command will be " "(allowing for platform-specific differences in the dynamic linker name):" msgstr "" "上述命令不应该出现错误，最后一行命令输出的结果应该 (不同平台的动态链接器名称" "可能不同) 是：" #. type: Content of: <sect1><screen> #, no-wrap msgid "<computeroutput>[Requesting program interpreter: /lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2]</computeroutput>" msgstr "<computeroutput>[Requesting program interpreter: /lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2]</computeroutput>" #. type: Content of: <sect1><para> msgid "" "Note that on 64-bit systems <filename class=\"directory\">/lib</filename> is " "the location of our dynamic linker, but is accessed via a symbolic link in /" "lib64." msgstr "" "注意在 64 位系统上 <filename class=\"directory\">/lib</filename> 是动态链接器" "的位置，但通过 /lib64 中的符号链接访问。" #. type: Content of: <sect1><note><para> msgid "On 32-bit systems the interpreter should be /lib/ld-linux.so.2." msgstr "在 32 位系统上，解释器是 /lib/ld-linux.so.2。" #. type: Content of: <sect1><para> msgid "Now make sure that we're setup to use the correct start files:" msgstr "下面确认我们的设定能够使用正确的启动文件：" #. type: Content of: <sect1><screen> #, no-wrap msgid "<userinput>grep -o '/usr/lib.*/crt[1in].*succeeded' dummy.log</userinput>" msgstr "<userinput>grep -o '/usr/lib.*/crt[1in].*succeeded' dummy.log</userinput>" #. type: Content of: <sect1><para> msgid "The output of the last command should be:" msgstr "以上命令应该输出：" #. type: Content of: <sect1><screen> #, no-wrap msgid "" "<computeroutput>/usr/lib/../lib/crt1.o succeeded\n" "/usr/lib/../lib/crti.o succeeded\n" "/usr/lib/../lib/crtn.o succeeded</computeroutput>" msgstr "" "<computeroutput>/usr/lib/../lib/crt1.o succeeded\n" "/usr/lib/../lib/crti.o succeeded\n" "/usr/lib/../lib/crtn.o succeeded</computeroutput>" #. type: Content of: <sect1><para> msgid "Verify that the compiler is searching for the correct header files:" msgstr "确认编译器能正确查找头文件：" #. type: Content of: <sect1><screen> #, no-wrap msgid "<userinput>grep -B4 '^ /usr/include' dummy.log</userinput>" msgstr "<userinput>grep -B4 '^ /usr/include' dummy.log</userinput>" #. type: Content of: <sect1><para> msgid "This command should return the following output:" msgstr "该命令应当输出：" #. type: Content of: <sect1><screen> #, no-wrap msgid "" "<computeroutput>#include <...> search starts here:\n" " /tools/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/&gcc-version;/include\n" " /tools/include\n" " /tools/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/&gcc-version;/include-fixed\n" " /usr/include</computeroutput>" msgstr "" "<computeroutput>#include <...> search starts here:\n" " /tools/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/&gcc-version;/include\n" " /tools/include\n" " /tools/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/&gcc-version;/include-fixed\n" " /usr/include</computeroutput>" #. type: Content of: <sect1><note><para> msgid "On a 32 bit system, x86_64 is replaced with i686." msgstr "在 32 位系统上，应该将 x86_64 替换成 i686。" #. type: Content of: <sect1><para> msgid "" "Next, verify that the new linker is being used with the correct search paths:" msgstr "下一步确认新的链接器使用了正确的搜索路径：" #. type: Content of: <sect1><screen> #, no-wrap msgid "<userinput>grep 'SEARCH.*/usr/lib' dummy.log |sed 's|; |\\n|g'</userinput>" msgstr "<userinput>grep 'SEARCH.*/usr/lib' dummy.log |sed 's|; |\\n|g'</userinput>" #. type: Content of: <sect1><para> msgid "" "References to paths that have components with '-linux-gnu' should be " "ignored, but otherwise the output of the last command should be:" msgstr "那些包含 '-linux-gnu' 的路径应该忽略，除此之外，以上命令应该输出：" #. type: Content of: <sect1><screen> #, no-wrap msgid "" "<computeroutput>SEARCH_DIR(\"/usr/lib\")\n" "SEARCH_DIR(\"/lib\")</computeroutput>" msgstr "" "<computeroutput>SEARCH_DIR(\"/usr/lib\")\n" "SEARCH_DIR(\"/lib\")</computeroutput>" #. type: Content of: <sect1><para> msgid "Next make sure that we're using the correct libc:" msgstr "之后确认我们使用了正确的 libc：" #. type: Content of: <sect1><screen> #, no-wrap msgid "<userinput>grep \"/lib.*/libc.so.6 \" dummy.log</userinput>" msgstr "<userinput>grep \"/lib.*/libc.so.6 \" dummy.log</userinput>" #. type: Content of: <sect1><screen> #, no-wrap msgid "<computeroutput>attempt to open /lib/libc.so.6 succeeded</computeroutput>" msgstr "<computeroutput>attempt to open /lib/libc.so.6 succeeded</computeroutput>" #. type: Content of: <sect1><para> msgid "Make sure GCC is using the correct dynamic linker:" msgstr "确认 GCC 使用了正确的动态链接器：" #. type: Content of: <sect1><screen> #, no-wrap msgid "<userinput>grep found dummy.log</userinput>" msgstr "<userinput>grep found dummy.log</userinput>" #. type: Content of: <sect1><para> msgid "" "The output of the last command should be (allowing for platform-specific " "differences in dynamic linker name):" msgstr "以上命令应该输出 (不同平台的动态链接器名称可能不同):" #. type: Content of: <sect1><screen> #, no-wrap msgid "<computeroutput>found ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 at /lib/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2</computeroutput>" msgstr "<computeroutput>found ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 at /lib/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2</computeroutput>" #. The most likely #. reason is that something went wrong with the specs file adjustment. #. type: Content of: <sect1><para> msgid "" "If the output does not appear as shown above or is not received at all, then " "something is seriously wrong. Investigate and retrace the steps to find out " "where the problem is and correct it. Any issues will need to be resolved " "before continuing with the process." msgstr "" "如果输出和以上描述不符，或者根本没有输出，那么必然有什么地方出了严重错误。检" "查并重新跟踪以上步骤，找到问题的原因，并修复它。这里出现的任何问题在继续构建" "前都必须解决。" #. type: Content of: <sect1><para> msgid "Once everything is working correctly, clean up the test files:" msgstr "在确认一切工作良好后，删除测试文件：" #. type: Content of: <sect1><screen> #, no-wrap msgid "<userinput>rm -v dummy.c a.out dummy.log</userinput>" msgstr "<userinput>rm -v dummy.c a.out dummy.log</userinput>"

msgid "" msgstr "" "X-Pootle-Revision: 9999999\n" "X-Pootle-Path: /zh_CN/lfs/chapter08/adjusting.po\n" "Project-Id-Version: PACKAGE VERSION\n" "POT-Creation-Date: 2020-08-08 19:28+0800\n" "PO-Revision-Date: YEAR-MO-DA HO:MI+ZONE\n" "Last-Translator: FULL NAME \n" "Language-Team: LANGUAGE \n" "Language: zh_CN\n" "MIME-Version: 1.0\n" "Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" "Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" "X-Generator: Translate Toolkit 2.2.5\n" #. type: Content of: msgid "Adjusting the Toolchain" msgstr "调整工具链" #. type: Content of: <sect1><para> msgid "" "Now that the final C libraries have been installed, it is time to adjust the " "toolchain so that it will link any newly compiled program against these new " "libraries." msgstr "" "现在最终的 C 运行库已经安装好了，这时就要调整工具链，以便将新编译的任何程序都" "链接到新的 C 运行库。" #. type: Content of: <sect1><para> msgid "" "First, backup the <filename class=\"directory\">/tools</filename> linker, " "and replace it with the adjusted linker we made in chapter 5. We'll also " "create a link to its counterpart in <filename class=\"directory\">/tools/" "$(uname -m)-pc-linux-gnu/bin</filename>:" msgstr "" "首先，备份 <filename class=\"directory\">/tools</filename> 中的链接器，把它替" "换成第 5 章准备的调整好的链接器。我们也会把 <filename class=\"directory\">/" "tools/$(uname -m)-pc-linux-gnu/bin</filename> 中对应的链接器替换成一个符号链" "接：" #. type: Content of: <sect1><screen> #, no-wrap msgid "" "<userinput>mv -v /tools/bin/{ld,ld-old}\n" "mv -v /tools/$(uname -m)-pc-linux-gnu/bin/{ld,ld-old}\n" "mv -v /tools/bin/{ld-new,ld}\n" "ln -sv /tools/bin/ld /tools/$(uname -m)-pc-linux-gnu/bin/ld</userinput>" msgstr "" "<userinput>mv -v /tools/bin/{ld,ld-old}\n" "mv -v /tools/$(uname -m)-pc-linux-gnu/bin/{ld,ld-old}\n" "mv -v /tools/bin/{ld-new,ld}\n" "ln -sv /tools/bin/ld /tools/$(uname -m)-pc-linux-gnu/bin/ld</userinput>" #. type: Content of: <sect1><para> msgid "" "the next command amends the GCC specs file to achieve three goals: first " "point GCC to the new dynamic linker. Simply deleting all instances of " "<quote>/tools</quote> should leave us with the correct path to the dynamic " "linker. Second, let GCC know where to find the Glibc start files. Third, add " "the /usr/include directory at the end of the default search path, so that " "header files added in chapter 6 are found. A <command>sed</command> command " "accomplishes this:" msgstr "" "下面修改 GCC 的 specs 文件，使其指向新的动态链接器。把所有的 <quote>/tools</" "quote> 删除掉就会留下正确的路径。另外，调整 specs 文件，使得 GCC 知道去哪里寻" "找正确的头文件和 Glibc 启动文件。最后，在默认搜索路径之后加入 /usr/include 目" "录。一个 <command>sed</command> 命令即可完成以上工作：" #. type: Content of: <sect1><screen> #, no-wrap msgid "" "<userinput>gcc -dumpspecs | sed -e 's@/tools@@g' \\\n" " -e '/\\*startfile_prefix_spec:/{n;s@.*@/usr/lib/ @}' \\\n" " -e '/\\*cpp:/{n;s@$@ -idirafter /usr/include@}' > \\\n" " `dirname $(gcc --print-libgcc-file-name)`/specs</userinput>" msgstr "" "<userinput>gcc -dumpspecs | sed -e 's@/tools@@g' \\\n" " -e '/\\*startfile_prefix_spec:/{n;s@.*@/usr/lib/ @}' \\\n" " -e '/\\*cpp:/{n;s@$@ -idirafter /usr/include@}' > \\\n" " `dirname $(gcc --print-libgcc-file-name)`/specs</userinput>" #. type: Content of: <sect1><para> msgid "" "It is a good idea to visually inspect the specs file to verify the intended " "change was actually made." msgstr "这时最好浏览一下生成的 specs 文件，以确认确实进行了我们期望的修改。" #. type: Content of: <sect1><para> msgid "" "It is imperative at this point to ensure that the basic functions (compiling " "and linking) of the adjusted toolchain are working as expected. To do this, " "perform the following sanity checks:" msgstr "" "现在的当务之急是保证调整过的工具链的基本功能 (编译和链接) 能够像我们期望的那" "样工作。为此，进行下列完整性检查：" #. type: Content of: <sect1><screen> #, no-wrap msgid "" "<userinput>echo 'int main(){}' > dummy.c\n" "cc dummy.c -v -Wl,--verbose &> dummy.log\n" "readelf -l a.out | grep ': /lib'</userinput>" msgstr "" "<userinput>echo 'int main(){}' > dummy.c\n" "cc dummy.c -v -Wl,--verbose &> dummy.log\n" "readelf -l a.out | grep ': /lib'</userinput>" #. type: Content of: <sect1><para> msgid "" "There should be no errors, and the output of the last command will be " "(allowing for platform-specific differences in the dynamic linker name):" msgstr "" "上述命令不应该出现错误，最后一行命令输出的结果应该 (不同平台的动态链接器名称" "可能不同) 是：" #. type: Content of: <sect1><screen> #, no-wrap msgid "<computeroutput>[Requesting program interpreter: /lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2]</computeroutput>" msgstr "<computeroutput>[Requesting program interpreter: /lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2]</computeroutput>" #. type: Content of: <sect1><para> msgid "" "Note that on 64-bit systems <filename class=\"directory\">/lib</filename> is " "the location of our dynamic linker, but is accessed via a symbolic link in /" "lib64." msgstr "" "注意在 64 位系统上 <filename class=\"directory\">/lib</filename> 是动态链接器" "的位置，但通过 /lib64 中的符号链接访问。" #. type: Content of: <sect1><note><para> msgid "On 32-bit systems the interpreter should be /lib/ld-linux.so.2." msgstr "在 32 位系统上，解释器是 /lib/ld-linux.so.2。" #. type: Content of: <sect1><para> msgid "Now make sure that we're setup to use the correct start files:" msgstr "下面确认我们的设定能够使用正确的启动文件：" #. type: Content of: <sect1><screen> #, no-wrap msgid "<userinput>grep -o '/usr/lib.*/crt[1in].*succeeded' dummy.log</userinput>" msgstr "<userinput>grep -o '/usr/lib.*/crt[1in].*succeeded' dummy.log</userinput>" #. type: Content of: <sect1><para> msgid "The output of the last command should be:" msgstr "以上命令应该输出：" #. type: Content of: <sect1><screen> #, no-wrap msgid "" "<computeroutput>/usr/lib/../lib/crt1.o succeeded\n" "/usr/lib/../lib/crti.o succeeded\n" "/usr/lib/../lib/crtn.o succeeded</computeroutput>" msgstr "" "<computeroutput>/usr/lib/../lib/crt1.o succeeded\n" "/usr/lib/../lib/crti.o succeeded\n" "/usr/lib/../lib/crtn.o succeeded</computeroutput>" #. type: Content of: <sect1><para> msgid "Verify that the compiler is searching for the correct header files:" msgstr "确认编译器能正确查找头文件：" #. type: Content of: <sect1><screen> #, no-wrap msgid "<userinput>grep -B4 '^ /usr/include' dummy.log</userinput>" msgstr "<userinput>grep -B4 '^ /usr/include' dummy.log</userinput>" #. type: Content of: <sect1><para> msgid "This command should return the following output:" msgstr "该命令应当输出：" #. type: Content of: <sect1><screen> #, no-wrap msgid "" "<computeroutput>#include <...> search starts here:\n" " /tools/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/&gcc-version;/include\n" " /tools/include\n" " /tools/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/&gcc-version;/include-fixed\n" " /usr/include</computeroutput>" msgstr "" "<computeroutput>#include <...> search starts here:\n" " /tools/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/&gcc-version;/include\n" " /tools/include\n" " /tools/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/&gcc-version;/include-fixed\n" " /usr/include</computeroutput>" #. type: Content of: <sect1><note><para> msgid "On a 32 bit system, x86_64 is replaced with i686." msgstr "在 32 位系统上，应该将 x86_64 替换成 i686。" #. type: Content of: <sect1><para> msgid "" "Next, verify that the new linker is being used with the correct search paths:" msgstr "下一步确认新的链接器使用了正确的搜索路径：" #. type: Content of: <sect1><screen> #, no-wrap msgid "<userinput>grep 'SEARCH.*/usr/lib' dummy.log |sed 's|; |\\n|g'</userinput>" msgstr "<userinput>grep 'SEARCH.*/usr/lib' dummy.log |sed 's|; |\\n|g'</userinput>" #. type: Content of: <sect1><para> msgid "" "References to paths that have components with '-linux-gnu' should be " "ignored, but otherwise the output of the last command should be:" msgstr "那些包含 '-linux-gnu' 的路径应该忽略，除此之外，以上命令应该输出：" #. type: Content of: <sect1><screen> #, no-wrap msgid "" "<computeroutput>SEARCH_DIR(\"/usr/lib\")\n" "SEARCH_DIR(\"/lib\")</computeroutput>" msgstr "" "<computeroutput>SEARCH_DIR(\"/usr/lib\")\n" "SEARCH_DIR(\"/lib\")</computeroutput>" #. type: Content of: <sect1><para> msgid "Next make sure that we're using the correct libc:" msgstr "之后确认我们使用了正确的 libc：" #. type: Content of: <sect1><screen> #, no-wrap msgid "<userinput>grep \"/lib.*/libc.so.6 \" dummy.log</userinput>" msgstr "<userinput>grep \"/lib.*/libc.so.6 \" dummy.log</userinput>" #. type: Content of: <sect1><screen> #, no-wrap msgid "<computeroutput>attempt to open /lib/libc.so.6 succeeded</computeroutput>" msgstr "<computeroutput>attempt to open /lib/libc.so.6 succeeded</computeroutput>" #. type: Content of: <sect1><para> msgid "Make sure GCC is using the correct dynamic linker:" msgstr "确认 GCC 使用了正确的动态链接器：" #. type: Content of: <sect1><screen> #, no-wrap msgid "<userinput>grep found dummy.log</userinput>" msgstr "<userinput>grep found dummy.log</userinput>" #. type: Content of: <sect1><para> msgid "" "The output of the last command should be (allowing for platform-specific " "differences in dynamic linker name):" msgstr "以上命令应该输出 (不同平台的动态链接器名称可能不同):" #. type: Content of: <sect1><screen> #, no-wrap msgid "<computeroutput>found ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 at /lib/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2</computeroutput>" msgstr "<computeroutput>found ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 at /lib/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2</computeroutput>" #. The most likely #. reason is that something went wrong with the specs file adjustment. #. type: Content of: <sect1><para> msgid "" "If the output does not appear as shown above or is not received at all, then " "something is seriously wrong. Investigate and retrace the steps to find out " "where the problem is and correct it. Any issues will need to be resolved " "before continuing with the process." msgstr "" "如果输出和以上描述不符，或者根本没有输出，那么必然有什么地方出了严重错误。检" "查并重新跟踪以上步骤，找到问题的原因，并修复它。这里出现的任何问题在继续构建" "前都必须解决。" #. type: Content of: <sect1><para> msgid "Once everything is working correctly, clean up the test files:" msgstr "在确认一切工作良好后，删除测试文件：" #. type: Content of: <sect1><screen> #, no-wrap msgid "<userinput>rm -v dummy.c a.out dummy.log</userinput>" msgstr "<userinput>rm -v dummy.c a.out dummy.log</userinput>"