#: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/network.xml:11 msgid "General Network Configuration" msgstr "一般网络配置" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><indexterm><primary> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/network.xml:14 #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/network.xml:167 msgid "network" msgstr "network" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><indexterm><secondary> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/network.xml:15 #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/network.xml:136 msgid "configuring" msgstr "configuring" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><title> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/network.xml:18 msgid "Creating Network Interface Configuration Files" msgstr "创建网络接口配置文件" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/network.xml:20 msgid "" "Which interfaces are brought up and down by the network script usually " "depends on the files in <filename class=\"directory\">/etc/sysconfig/</" "filename>. This directory should contain a file for each interface to be " "configured, such as <filename>ifconfig.xyz</filename>, where <quote>xyz</" "quote> should describe the network card. The interface name (e.g. eth0) is " "usually appropriate. Inside this file are attributes to this interface, " "such as its IP address(es), subnet masks, and so forth. It is necessary " "that the stem of the filename be <emphasis>ifconfig</emphasis>." msgstr "" "负责网络的引导脚本通常根据 <filename class=\"directory\">/etc/sysconfig</" "filename> 中配置文件的内容，启用或禁用网络接口。对于每个需要配置的网络接口，" "该目录中都应该包含一个文件，文件名类似 <filename>ifconfig.xyz</filename>，这" "里<quote>xyz</quote>应该能够描述该网卡。使用接口名 (如 eth0) 一般比较合适。文" "件内部是该网络接口的属性，如 IP 地址、子网掩码等。文件名必须以 " "<emphasis>ifconfig</emphasis> 开头。" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><note><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/network.xml:30 msgid "" "If the procedure in the previous section was not used, udev will assign " "network card interface names based on system physical characteristics such " "as enp2s1. If you are not sure what your interface name is, you can always " "run <command>ip link</command> or <command>ls /sys/class/net</command> after " "you have booted your system." msgstr "" "如果没有使用前一节描述的自定义命名策略，udev 会根据系统物理特征命名网卡接口，" "例如 enp2s1。如果您不能确定接口名，可以在引导您的 LFS 系统后使用 <command>ip " "link</command> 或 <command>ls /sys/class/net</command> 命令确认。" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/network.xml:37 msgid "" "The following command creates a sample file for the <emphasis>eth0</" "emphasis> device with a static IP address:" msgstr "" "例如，以下命令为 <emphasis>eth0</emphasis> 设备创建一个静态 IP 地址配置：" #. jhalfs relies on the values for IFACE, IP, etc. If you want to change #. them, please inform the jhalfs maintainer(s). #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><screen> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/network.xml:41 #, no-wrap msgid "" "<userinput>cd /etc/sysconfig/\n" "cat > ifconfig.<replaceable>eth0</replaceable> << \"EOF\"\n" "<literal>ONBOOT=<replaceable>yes</replaceable>\n" "IFACE=<replaceable>eth0</replaceable>\n" "SERVICE=<replaceable>ipv4-static</replaceable>\n" "IP=<replaceable>192.168.1.2</replaceable>\n" "GATEWAY=<replaceable>192.168.1.1</replaceable>\n" "PREFIX=<replaceable>24</replaceable>\n" "BROADCAST=<replaceable>192.168.1.255</replaceable></literal>\n" "EOF</userinput>" msgstr "" "<userinput>cd /etc/sysconfig/\n" "cat > ifconfig.<replaceable>eth0</replaceable> << \"EOF\"\n" "<literal>ONBOOT=<replaceable>yes</replaceable>\n" "IFACE=<replaceable>eth0</replaceable>\n" "SERVICE=<replaceable>ipv4-static</replaceable>\n" "IP=<replaceable>192.168.1.2</replaceable>\n" "GATEWAY=<replaceable>192.168.1.1</replaceable>\n" "PREFIX=<replaceable>24</replaceable>\n" "BROADCAST=<replaceable>192.168.1.255</replaceable></literal>\n" "EOF</userinput>" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/network.xml:52 msgid "" "The values in italics must be changed in every file to match the proper " "setup." msgstr "您必须修改每个文件中用斜体显示的设定值，使其与您的网络环境相匹配。" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/network.xml:55 msgid "" "If the <envar>ONBOOT</envar> variable is set to <quote>yes</quote> the " "System V network script will bring up the Network Interface Card (NIC) " "during the system boot process. If set to anything but <quote>yes</quote> " "the NIC will be ignored by the network script and not be automatically " "brought up. The interface can be manually started or stopped with the " "<command>ifup</command> and <command>ifdown</command> commands." msgstr "" "如果 <envar>ONBOOT</envar> 变量被设置为<quote>yes</quote>，则 System V " "网络脚本会在引导系统时启用该网络接口卡 (NIC)。否则，网络脚本会忽略该 NIC，不" "自动启用它。您可以使用 <command>ifup</command> 和 <command>ifdown</command> " "命令，手动启用或禁用网络接口。" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/network.xml:62 msgid "" "The <envar>IFACE</envar> variable defines the interface name, for example, " "eth0. It is required for all network device configuration files. The " "filename extension must match this value." msgstr "" "<envar>IFACE</envar> 变量指定网络接口名，例如 eth0。所有网络设备配置文件都需" "要它。配置文件扩展名必须与该变量的值相同。" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/network.xml:66 msgid "" "The <envar>SERVICE</envar> variable defines the method used for obtaining " "the IP address. The LFS-Bootscripts package has a modular IP assignment " "format, and creating additional files in the <filename class=\"directory\">/" "lib/services/</filename> directory allows other IP assignment methods. This " "is commonly used for Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP), which is " "addressed in the BLFS book." msgstr "" "<envar>SERVICE</envar> 变量定义获取 IP 地址的方法。LFS-Bootscripts 软件包使用" "模块化 IP 配置格式，在 <filename class=\"directory\">/lib/services/</" "filename> 目录中新建一些文件，即可使用其他 IP 分配方法，这一般被用于动态主机" "配置协议 (DHCP) 配置，具体方法在 BLFS 手册中说明。" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/network.xml:73 msgid "" "The <envar>GATEWAY</envar> variable should contain the default gateway IP " "address, if one is present. If not, then comment out the variable entirely." msgstr "" "如果默认网关存在，<envar>GATEWAY</envar> 变量应该包含默认网关的 IP 地址。如果" "默认网关不存在，应该将这一行完全注释掉。" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/network.xml:77 msgid "" "The <envar>PREFIX</envar> variable contains the number of bits used in the " "subnet. Each octet in an IP address is 8 bits. If the subnet's netmask is " "255.255.255.0, then it is using the first three octets (24 bits) to specify " "the network number. If the netmask is 255.255.255.240, it would be using the " "first 28 bits. Prefixes longer than 24 bits are commonly used by DSL and " "cable-based Internet Service Providers (ISPs). In this example (PREFIX=24), " "the netmask is 255.255.255.0. Adjust the <envar>PREFIX</envar> variable " "according to your specific subnet. If omitted, the PREFIX defaults to 24." msgstr "" "<envar>PREFIX</envar> 变量应该包含子网使用的 IP 地址位数。IP 地址中的每一段都" "是二进制为 8 位的数，如果子网掩码是 255.255.255.0，说明 IP 地址中前三段 (24 " "位) 表示子网编号。如果子网掩码是 255.255.255.240，则使用了前 28 位表示子网编" "号。子网前缀比 24 长的情况一般见于基于 DSL 或同轴电缆的 Internet 服务提供商 " "(ISP).在我们的例子中，子网掩码是 255.255.255.0。您应该根据您所处的子网调整 " "<envar>PREFIX</envar> 变量。如果不指定它，则它默认为 24。" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/network.xml:87 msgid "For more information see the <command>ifup</command> man page." msgstr "参考 <command>ifup</command> 的 man 页面获得更多信息。" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><title> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/network.xml:91 msgid "Creating the /etc/resolv.conf File" msgstr "创建 /etc/resolv.conf 文件" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><indexterm><primary> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/network.xml:94 msgid "/etc/resolv.conf" msgstr "/etc/resolv.conf" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/network.xml:97 msgid "" "The system will need some means of obtaining Domain Name Service (DNS) name " "resolution to resolve Internet domain names to IP addresses, and vice versa. " "This is best achieved by placing the IP address of the DNS server, available " "from the ISP or network administrator, into <filename>/etc/resolv.conf</" "filename>. Create the file by running the following:" msgstr "" "系统需要某种方式，获取域名服务 (DNS)，以将 Internet 域名解析成 IP 地址，或进" "行反向解析。为了达到这一目的，最好的方法是将 ISP 或网络管理员提供的 DNS 服务" "器的 IP 地址写入 <filename>/etc/resolv.conf</filename>。执行以下命令创建该文" "件：" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><screen> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/network.xml:104 #, no-wrap msgid "" "<userinput>cat > /etc/resolv.conf << \"EOF\"\n" "<literal># Begin /etc/resolv.conf\n" "\n" "domain <replaceable><Your Domain Name></replaceable>\n" "nameserver <replaceable><IP address of your primary nameserver></replaceable>\n" "nameserver <replaceable><IP address of your secondary nameserver></replaceable>\n" "\n" "# End /etc/resolv.conf</literal>\n" "EOF</userinput>" msgstr "" "<userinput>cat > /etc/resolv.conf << \"EOF\"\n" "<literal># Begin /etc/resolv.conf\n" "\n" "domain <replaceable><您的域名></replaceable>\n" "nameserver <replaceable><您的主要域名服务器 IP 地址></replaceable>\n" "nameserver <replaceable><您的次要域名服务器 IP 地址></replaceable>\n" "\n" "# End /etc/resolv.conf</literal>\n" "EOF</userinput>" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/network.xml:114 msgid "" "The <varname>domain</varname> statement can be omitted or replaced with a " "<varname>search</varname> statement. See the man page for resolv.conf for " "more details." msgstr "" "可以省略 <varname>domain</varname> 语句，或使用一条 <varname>search</" "varname> 语句代替它。阅读 resolv.conf 的 man 页面了解更多细节。" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/network.xml:118 msgid "" "Replace <replaceable><IP address of the nameserver></replaceable> with " "the IP address of the DNS most appropriate for the setup. There will often " "be more than one entry (requirements demand secondary servers for fallback " "capability). If you only need or want one DNS server, remove the second " "<emphasis>nameserver</emphasis> line from the file. The IP address may also " "be a router on the local network." msgstr "" "将 <replaceable><域名服务器 IP 地址></replaceable> 替换为您的网络环境下" "最合适的 DNS 服务器 IP 地址。这里往往会写入不止一个 DNS 服务器 (需要提供后备" "功能的次要服务器)。如果您只需要或只希望使用一个 DNS 服务器，可以删除文件中的" "第二个 <emphasis>nameserver</emphasis> 行。也可以写入本地路由器的 IP 地址。" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><note><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/network.xml:126 msgid "The Google Public IPv4 DNS addresses are 8.8.8.8 and 8.8.4.4." msgstr "Google 公用 DNS 服务器的 IP 地址是 8.8.8.8 和 8.8.4.4。" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><title> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/network.xml:132 msgid "Configuring the system hostname" msgstr "配置系统主机名" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><indexterm><primary> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/network.xml:135 msgid "hostname" msgstr "hostname" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/network.xml:139 msgid "" "During the boot process, the file <filename>/etc/hostname</filename> is used " "for establishing the system's hostname." msgstr "" "在引导过程中，<filename>/etc/hostname</filename> 被用于设定系统主机名。" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/network.xml:142 msgid "" "Create the <filename>/etc/hostname</filename> file and enter a hostname by " "running:" msgstr "" "执行以下命令，创建 <filename>/etc/hostname</filename> 文件，并输入一个主机" "名：" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><screen> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/network.xml:145 #, no-wrap msgid "<userinput>echo \"<replaceable><lfs></replaceable>\" > /etc/hostname</userinput>" msgstr "<userinput>echo \"<replaceable><lfs></replaceable>\" > /etc/hostname</userinput>" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/network.xml:147 msgid "" "<replaceable><lfs></replaceable> needs to be replaced with the name " "given to the computer. Do not enter the Fully Qualified Domain Name (FQDN) " "here. That information is put in the <filename>/etc/hosts</filename> file." msgstr "" "<replaceable><lfs></replaceable> 需要被替换为赋予该计算机的名称。不要在" "这里输入全限定域名 (FQDN)，它应该被写入 <filename>/etc/hosts</filename> 文" "件。" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><title> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/network.xml:155 msgid "Customizing the /etc/hosts File" msgstr "自定义 /etc/hosts 文件" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><indexterm><secondary> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/network.xml:158 #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/network.xml:163 #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/network.xml:168 msgid "/etc/hosts" msgstr "/etc/hosts" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><indexterm><primary> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/network.xml:162 msgid "localnet" msgstr "localnet" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/network.xml:171 msgid "" "Decide on the IP address, fully-qualified domain name (FQDN), and possible " "aliases for use in the <filename>/etc/hosts</filename> file. The syntax is:" msgstr "" "选择一个全限定域名 (FQDN) 和可能的别名，以供 <filename>/etc/hosts</filename> " "文件使用。如果使用静态 IP 地址，您还需要确定要使用的 IP 地址。hosts 文件条目" "的语法是：" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><screen> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/network.xml:175 #, no-wrap msgid "<literal>IP_address myhost.example.org aliases</literal>" msgstr "<literal>IP_地址主机名.域名别名</literal>" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/network.xml:177 msgid "" "Unless the computer is to be visible to the Internet (i.e., there is a " "registered domain and a valid block of assigned IP addresses—most " "users do not have this), make sure that the IP address is in the private " "network IP address range. Valid ranges are:" msgstr "" "除非该计算机可以从 Internet 访问 (即拥有一个注册域名，并分配了一个有效的 IP " "地址段 —— 多数用户没有分配有效 IP)，则使用的 IP 地址必须属于私网 IP 范围。有" "效的范围是：" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><screen> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/network.xml:182 #, no-wrap msgid "" "<literal>Private Network Address Range Normal Prefix\n" "10.0.0.1 - 10.255.255.254 8\n" "172.x.0.1 - 172.x.255.254 16\n" "192.168.y.1 - 192.168.y.254 24</literal>" msgstr "" "<literal>私网地址范围公共前缀长度10.0.0.1 - 10.255.255.254 8\n" "172.x.0.1 - 172.x.255.254 16\n" "192.168.y.1 - 192.168.y.254 24</literal>" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/network.xml:187 msgid "" "x can be any number in the range 16-31. y can be any number in the range " "0-255." msgstr "x 可以是 16-31 之间的任何数字。y 可以是 0-255 之间的任何数字。" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/network.xml:190 msgid "" "A valid private IP address could be 192.168.1.1. A valid FQDN for this IP " "could be lfs.example.org." msgstr "" "有效的私网 IP 地址的一个例子是 192.168.1.1。与之对应的 FQDN 可以是 lfs." "example.org。" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/network.xml:193 msgid "" "Even if not using a network card, a valid FQDN is still required. This is " "necessary for certain programs to operate correctly." msgstr "即使没有网卡，也要提供一个有效的 FQDN，某些程序需要它才能正常工作。" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/network.xml:196 msgid "Create the <filename>/etc/hosts</filename> file by running:" msgstr "执行以下命令，创建 <filename>/etc/hosts</filename>：" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><screen> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/network.xml:198 #, no-wrap msgid "" "<userinput>cat > /etc/hosts << \"EOF\"\n" "<literal># Begin /etc/hosts\n" "\n" "127.0.0.1 localhost.localdomain localhost\n" "127.0.1.1 <replaceable><FQDN></replaceable> <replaceable><HOSTNAME></replaceable>\n" "<replaceable><192.168.1.1></replaceable> <replaceable><FQDN></replaceable> <replaceable><HOSTNAME></replaceable> <replaceable>[alias1] [alias2 ...]</replaceable>\n" "::1 localhost ip6-localhost ip6-loopback\n" "ff02::1 ip6-allnodes\n" "ff02::2 ip6-allrouters\n" "\n" "# End /etc/hosts</literal>\n" "EOF</userinput>" msgstr "" "<userinput>cat > /etc/hosts << \"EOF\"\n" "<literal># Begin /etc/hosts\n" "\n" "127.0.0.1 localhost.localdomain localhost\n" "127.0.1.1 <replaceable><FQDN></replaceable> <replaceable><HOSTNAME></replaceable>\n" "<replaceable><192.168.1.1></replaceable> <replaceable><FQDN></replaceable> <replaceable><HOSTNAME></replaceable> <replaceable>[alias1] [alias2 ...]</replaceable>\n" "::1 localhost ip6-localhost ip6-loopback\n" "ff02::1 ip6-allnodes\n" "ff02::2 ip6-allrouters\n" "\n" "# End /etc/hosts</literal>\n" "EOF</userinput>" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/network.xml:211 msgid "" "The <replaceable><192.168.1.1></replaceable>, <replaceable><FQDN>" "</replaceable>, and <replaceable><HOSTNAME></replaceable> values need " "to be changed for specific uses or requirements (if assigned an IP address " "by a network/system administrator and the machine will be connected to an " "existing network). The optional alias name(s) can be omitted." msgstr "" "其中 <replaceable><192.168.0.2></replaceable>，<replaceable><" "FQDN></replaceable>，以及<replaceable><主机名></replaceable> 的值需" "要为特定使用环境和需求进行修改(如果系统或网络管理员分配了 IP 地址，且本机将被" "连接到现有的网络中)。可以跳过别名 (alias)，它们不是必要的。"

msgid "" msgstr "" "Project-Id-Version: PACKAGE VERSION\n" "POT-Creation-Date: 2020-06-17 12:44+0800\n" "PO-Revision-Date: YEAR-MO-DA HO:MI+ZONE\n" "Last-Translator: FULL NAME \n" "Language-Team: LANGUAGE \n" "Language: zh_CN\n" "MIME-Version: 1.0\n" "Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" "Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" "X-Generator: Translate Toolkit 2.2.5\n" #. type: Content of: #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/network.xml:11 msgid "General Network Configuration" msgstr "一般网络配置" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><indexterm><primary> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/network.xml:14 #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/network.xml:167 msgid "network" msgstr "network" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><indexterm><secondary> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/network.xml:15 #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/network.xml:136 msgid "configuring" msgstr "configuring" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><title> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/network.xml:18 msgid "Creating Network Interface Configuration Files" msgstr "创建网络接口配置文件" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/network.xml:20 msgid "" "Which interfaces are brought up and down by the network script usually " "depends on the files in <filename class=\"directory\">/etc/sysconfig/</" "filename>. This directory should contain a file for each interface to be " "configured, such as <filename>ifconfig.xyz</filename>, where <quote>xyz</" "quote> should describe the network card. The interface name (e.g. eth0) is " "usually appropriate. Inside this file are attributes to this interface, " "such as its IP address(es), subnet masks, and so forth. It is necessary " "that the stem of the filename be <emphasis>ifconfig</emphasis>." msgstr "" "负责网络的引导脚本通常根据 <filename class=\"directory\">/etc/sysconfig</" "filename> 中配置文件的内容，启用或禁用网络接口。对于每个需要配置的网络接口，" "该目录中都应该包含一个文件，文件名类似 <filename>ifconfig.xyz</filename>，这" "里<quote>xyz</quote>应该能够描述该网卡。使用接口名 (如 eth0) 一般比较合适。文" "件内部是该网络接口的属性，如 IP 地址、子网掩码等。文件名必须以 " "<emphasis>ifconfig</emphasis> 开头。" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><note><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/network.xml:30 msgid "" "If the procedure in the previous section was not used, udev will assign " "network card interface names based on system physical characteristics such " "as enp2s1. If you are not sure what your interface name is, you can always " "run <command>ip link</command> or <command>ls /sys/class/net</command> after " "you have booted your system." msgstr "" "如果没有使用前一节描述的自定义命名策略，udev 会根据系统物理特征命名网卡接口，" "例如 enp2s1。如果您不能确定接口名，可以在引导您的 LFS 系统后使用 <command>ip " "link</command> 或 <command>ls /sys/class/net</command> 命令确认。" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/network.xml:37 msgid "" "The following command creates a sample file for the <emphasis>eth0</" "emphasis> device with a static IP address:" msgstr "" "例如，以下命令为 <emphasis>eth0</emphasis> 设备创建一个静态 IP 地址配置：" #. jhalfs relies on the values for IFACE, IP, etc. If you want to change #. them, please inform the jhalfs maintainer(s). #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><screen> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/network.xml:41 #, no-wrap msgid "" "<userinput>cd /etc/sysconfig/\n" "cat > ifconfig.<replaceable>eth0</replaceable> << \"EOF\"\n" "<literal>ONBOOT=<replaceable>yes</replaceable>\n" "IFACE=<replaceable>eth0</replaceable>\n" "SERVICE=<replaceable>ipv4-static</replaceable>\n" "IP=<replaceable>192.168.1.2</replaceable>\n" "GATEWAY=<replaceable>192.168.1.1</replaceable>\n" "PREFIX=<replaceable>24</replaceable>\n" "BROADCAST=<replaceable>192.168.1.255</replaceable></literal>\n" "EOF</userinput>" msgstr "" "<userinput>cd /etc/sysconfig/\n" "cat > ifconfig.<replaceable>eth0</replaceable> << \"EOF\"\n" "<literal>ONBOOT=<replaceable>yes</replaceable>\n" "IFACE=<replaceable>eth0</replaceable>\n" "SERVICE=<replaceable>ipv4-static</replaceable>\n" "IP=<replaceable>192.168.1.2</replaceable>\n" "GATEWAY=<replaceable>192.168.1.1</replaceable>\n" "PREFIX=<replaceable>24</replaceable>\n" "BROADCAST=<replaceable>192.168.1.255</replaceable></literal>\n" "EOF</userinput>" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/network.xml:52 msgid "" "The values in italics must be changed in every file to match the proper " "setup." msgstr "您必须修改每个文件中用斜体显示的设定值，使其与您的网络环境相匹配。" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/network.xml:55 msgid "" "If the <envar>ONBOOT</envar> variable is set to <quote>yes</quote> the " "System V network script will bring up the Network Interface Card (NIC) " "during the system boot process. If set to anything but <quote>yes</quote> " "the NIC will be ignored by the network script and not be automatically " "brought up. The interface can be manually started or stopped with the " "<command>ifup</command> and <command>ifdown</command> commands." msgstr "" "如果 <envar>ONBOOT</envar> 变量被设置为<quote>yes</quote>，则 System V " "网络脚本会在引导系统时启用该网络接口卡 (NIC)。否则，网络脚本会忽略该 NIC，不" "自动启用它。您可以使用 <command>ifup</command> 和 <command>ifdown</command> " "命令，手动启用或禁用网络接口。" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/network.xml:62 msgid "" "The <envar>IFACE</envar> variable defines the interface name, for example, " "eth0. It is required for all network device configuration files. The " "filename extension must match this value." msgstr "" "<envar>IFACE</envar> 变量指定网络接口名，例如 eth0。所有网络设备配置文件都需" "要它。配置文件扩展名必须与该变量的值相同。" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/network.xml:66 msgid "" "The <envar>SERVICE</envar> variable defines the method used for obtaining " "the IP address. The LFS-Bootscripts package has a modular IP assignment " "format, and creating additional files in the <filename class=\"directory\">/" "lib/services/</filename> directory allows other IP assignment methods. This " "is commonly used for Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP), which is " "addressed in the BLFS book." msgstr "" "<envar>SERVICE</envar> 变量定义获取 IP 地址的方法。LFS-Bootscripts 软件包使用" "模块化 IP 配置格式，在 <filename class=\"directory\">/lib/services/</" "filename> 目录中新建一些文件，即可使用其他 IP 分配方法，这一般被用于动态主机" "配置协议 (DHCP) 配置，具体方法在 BLFS 手册中说明。" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/network.xml:73 msgid "" "The <envar>GATEWAY</envar> variable should contain the default gateway IP " "address, if one is present. If not, then comment out the variable entirely." msgstr "" "如果默认网关存在，<envar>GATEWAY</envar> 变量应该包含默认网关的 IP 地址。如果" "默认网关不存在，应该将这一行完全注释掉。" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/network.xml:77 msgid "" "The <envar>PREFIX</envar> variable contains the number of bits used in the " "subnet. Each octet in an IP address is 8 bits. If the subnet's netmask is " "255.255.255.0, then it is using the first three octets (24 bits) to specify " "the network number. If the netmask is 255.255.255.240, it would be using the " "first 28 bits. Prefixes longer than 24 bits are commonly used by DSL and " "cable-based Internet Service Providers (ISPs). In this example (PREFIX=24), " "the netmask is 255.255.255.0. Adjust the <envar>PREFIX</envar> variable " "according to your specific subnet. If omitted, the PREFIX defaults to 24." msgstr "" "<envar>PREFIX</envar> 变量应该包含子网使用的 IP 地址位数。IP 地址中的每一段都" "是二进制为 8 位的数，如果子网掩码是 255.255.255.0，说明 IP 地址中前三段 (24 " "位) 表示子网编号。如果子网掩码是 255.255.255.240，则使用了前 28 位表示子网编" "号。子网前缀比 24 长的情况一般见于基于 DSL 或同轴电缆的 Internet 服务提供商 " "(ISP).在我们的例子中，子网掩码是 255.255.255.0。您应该根据您所处的子网调整 " "<envar>PREFIX</envar> 变量。如果不指定它，则它默认为 24。" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/network.xml:87 msgid "For more information see the <command>ifup</command> man page." msgstr "参考 <command>ifup</command> 的 man 页面获得更多信息。" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><title> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/network.xml:91 msgid "Creating the /etc/resolv.conf File" msgstr "创建 /etc/resolv.conf 文件" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><indexterm><primary> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/network.xml:94 msgid "/etc/resolv.conf" msgstr "/etc/resolv.conf" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/network.xml:97 msgid "" "The system will need some means of obtaining Domain Name Service (DNS) name " "resolution to resolve Internet domain names to IP addresses, and vice versa. " "This is best achieved by placing the IP address of the DNS server, available " "from the ISP or network administrator, into <filename>/etc/resolv.conf</" "filename>. Create the file by running the following:" msgstr "" "系统需要某种方式，获取域名服务 (DNS)，以将 Internet 域名解析成 IP 地址，或进" "行反向解析。为了达到这一目的，最好的方法是将 ISP 或网络管理员提供的 DNS 服务" "器的 IP 地址写入 <filename>/etc/resolv.conf</filename>。执行以下命令创建该文" "件：" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><screen> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/network.xml:104 #, no-wrap msgid "" "<userinput>cat > /etc/resolv.conf << \"EOF\"\n" "<literal># Begin /etc/resolv.conf\n" "\n" "domain <replaceable><Your Domain Name></replaceable>\n" "nameserver <replaceable><IP address of your primary nameserver></replaceable>\n" "nameserver <replaceable><IP address of your secondary nameserver></replaceable>\n" "\n" "# End /etc/resolv.conf</literal>\n" "EOF</userinput>" msgstr "" "<userinput>cat > /etc/resolv.conf << \"EOF\"\n" "<literal># Begin /etc/resolv.conf\n" "\n" "domain <replaceable><您的域名></replaceable>\n" "nameserver <replaceable><您的主要域名服务器 IP 地址></replaceable>\n" "nameserver <replaceable><您的次要域名服务器 IP 地址></replaceable>\n" "\n" "# End /etc/resolv.conf</literal>\n" "EOF</userinput>" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/network.xml:114 msgid "" "The <varname>domain</varname> statement can be omitted or replaced with a " "<varname>search</varname> statement. See the man page for resolv.conf for " "more details." msgstr "" "可以省略 <varname>domain</varname> 语句，或使用一条 <varname>search</" "varname> 语句代替它。阅读 resolv.conf 的 man 页面了解更多细节。" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/network.xml:118 msgid "" "Replace <replaceable><IP address of the nameserver></replaceable> with " "the IP address of the DNS most appropriate for the setup. There will often " "be more than one entry (requirements demand secondary servers for fallback " "capability). If you only need or want one DNS server, remove the second " "<emphasis>nameserver</emphasis> line from the file. The IP address may also " "be a router on the local network." msgstr "" "将 <replaceable><域名服务器 IP 地址></replaceable> 替换为您的网络环境下" "最合适的 DNS 服务器 IP 地址。这里往往会写入不止一个 DNS 服务器 (需要提供后备" "功能的次要服务器)。如果您只需要或只希望使用一个 DNS 服务器，可以删除文件中的" "第二个 <emphasis>nameserver</emphasis> 行。也可以写入本地路由器的 IP 地址。" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><note><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/network.xml:126 msgid "The Google Public IPv4 DNS addresses are 8.8.8.8 and 8.8.4.4." msgstr "Google 公用 DNS 服务器的 IP 地址是 8.8.8.8 和 8.8.4.4。" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><title> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/network.xml:132 msgid "Configuring the system hostname" msgstr "配置系统主机名" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><indexterm><primary> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/network.xml:135 msgid "hostname" msgstr "hostname" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/network.xml:139 msgid "" "During the boot process, the file <filename>/etc/hostname</filename> is used " "for establishing the system's hostname." msgstr "" "在引导过程中，<filename>/etc/hostname</filename> 被用于设定系统主机名。" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/network.xml:142 msgid "" "Create the <filename>/etc/hostname</filename> file and enter a hostname by " "running:" msgstr "" "执行以下命令，创建 <filename>/etc/hostname</filename> 文件，并输入一个主机" "名：" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><screen> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/network.xml:145 #, no-wrap msgid "<userinput>echo \"<replaceable><lfs></replaceable>\" > /etc/hostname</userinput>" msgstr "<userinput>echo \"<replaceable><lfs></replaceable>\" > /etc/hostname</userinput>" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/network.xml:147 msgid "" "<replaceable><lfs></replaceable> needs to be replaced with the name " "given to the computer. Do not enter the Fully Qualified Domain Name (FQDN) " "here. That information is put in the <filename>/etc/hosts</filename> file." msgstr "" "<replaceable><lfs></replaceable> 需要被替换为赋予该计算机的名称。不要在" "这里输入全限定域名 (FQDN)，它应该被写入 <filename>/etc/hosts</filename> 文" "件。" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><title> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/network.xml:155 msgid "Customizing the /etc/hosts File" msgstr "自定义 /etc/hosts 文件" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><indexterm><secondary> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/network.xml:158 #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/network.xml:163 #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/network.xml:168 msgid "/etc/hosts" msgstr "/etc/hosts" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><indexterm><primary> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/network.xml:162 msgid "localnet" msgstr "localnet" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/network.xml:171 msgid "" "Decide on the IP address, fully-qualified domain name (FQDN), and possible " "aliases for use in the <filename>/etc/hosts</filename> file. The syntax is:" msgstr "" "选择一个全限定域名 (FQDN) 和可能的别名，以供 <filename>/etc/hosts</filename> " "文件使用。如果使用静态 IP 地址，您还需要确定要使用的 IP 地址。hosts 文件条目" "的语法是：" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><screen> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/network.xml:175 #, no-wrap msgid "<literal>IP_address myhost.example.org aliases</literal>" msgstr "<literal>IP_地址主机名.域名别名</literal>" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/network.xml:177 msgid "" "Unless the computer is to be visible to the Internet (i.e., there is a " "registered domain and a valid block of assigned IP addresses—most " "users do not have this), make sure that the IP address is in the private " "network IP address range. Valid ranges are:" msgstr "" "除非该计算机可以从 Internet 访问 (即拥有一个注册域名，并分配了一个有效的 IP " "地址段 —— 多数用户没有分配有效 IP)，则使用的 IP 地址必须属于私网 IP 范围。有" "效的范围是：" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><screen> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/network.xml:182 #, no-wrap msgid "" "<literal>Private Network Address Range Normal Prefix\n" "10.0.0.1 - 10.255.255.254 8\n" "172.x.0.1 - 172.x.255.254 16\n" "192.168.y.1 - 192.168.y.254 24</literal>" msgstr "" "<literal>私网地址范围公共前缀长度10.0.0.1 - 10.255.255.254 8\n" "172.x.0.1 - 172.x.255.254 16\n" "192.168.y.1 - 192.168.y.254 24</literal>" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/network.xml:187 msgid "" "x can be any number in the range 16-31. y can be any number in the range " "0-255." msgstr "x 可以是 16-31 之间的任何数字。y 可以是 0-255 之间的任何数字。" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/network.xml:190 msgid "" "A valid private IP address could be 192.168.1.1. A valid FQDN for this IP " "could be lfs.example.org." msgstr "" "有效的私网 IP 地址的一个例子是 192.168.1.1。与之对应的 FQDN 可以是 lfs." "example.org。" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/network.xml:193 msgid "" "Even if not using a network card, a valid FQDN is still required. This is " "necessary for certain programs to operate correctly." msgstr "即使没有网卡，也要提供一个有效的 FQDN，某些程序需要它才能正常工作。" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/network.xml:196 msgid "Create the <filename>/etc/hosts</filename> file by running:" msgstr "执行以下命令，创建 <filename>/etc/hosts</filename>：" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><screen> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/network.xml:198 #, no-wrap msgid "" "<userinput>cat > /etc/hosts << \"EOF\"\n" "<literal># Begin /etc/hosts\n" "\n" "127.0.0.1 localhost.localdomain localhost\n" "127.0.1.1 <replaceable><FQDN></replaceable> <replaceable><HOSTNAME></replaceable>\n" "<replaceable><192.168.1.1></replaceable> <replaceable><FQDN></replaceable> <replaceable><HOSTNAME></replaceable> <replaceable>[alias1] [alias2 ...]</replaceable>\n" "::1 localhost ip6-localhost ip6-loopback\n" "ff02::1 ip6-allnodes\n" "ff02::2 ip6-allrouters\n" "\n" "# End /etc/hosts</literal>\n" "EOF</userinput>" msgstr "" "<userinput>cat > /etc/hosts << \"EOF\"\n" "<literal># Begin /etc/hosts\n" "\n" "127.0.0.1 localhost.localdomain localhost\n" "127.0.1.1 <replaceable><FQDN></replaceable> <replaceable><HOSTNAME></replaceable>\n" "<replaceable><192.168.1.1></replaceable> <replaceable><FQDN></replaceable> <replaceable><HOSTNAME></replaceable> <replaceable>[alias1] [alias2 ...]</replaceable>\n" "::1 localhost ip6-localhost ip6-loopback\n" "ff02::1 ip6-allnodes\n" "ff02::2 ip6-allrouters\n" "\n" "# End /etc/hosts</literal>\n" "EOF</userinput>" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter09/network.xml:211 msgid "" "The <replaceable><192.168.1.1></replaceable>, <replaceable><FQDN>" "</replaceable>, and <replaceable><HOSTNAME></replaceable> values need " "to be changed for specific uses or requirements (if assigned an IP address " "by a network/system administrator and the machine will be connected to an " "existing network). The optional alias name(s) can be omitted." msgstr "" "其中 <replaceable><192.168.0.2></replaceable>，<replaceable><" "FQDN></replaceable>，以及<replaceable><主机名></replaceable> 的值需" "要为特定使用环境和需求进行修改(如果系统或网络管理员分配了 IP 地址，且本机将被" "连接到现有的网络中)。可以跳过别名 (alias)，它们不是必要的。"