msgid "Creating Directories" msgstr "创建目录" #. type: Content of: <sect1><para> msgid "It is time to create the full structure in the LFS file system." msgstr "现在可以在 LFS 文件系统中创建完整的目录结构。" #. type: Content of: <sect1><para> msgid "" "Create some root-level directories that are not in the limited set required " "in the previous chapters by issuing the following command:" msgstr "" "首先，执行命令，创建一些位于根目录中的目录，它们不属于之前章节需要的有限目录" "结构：" #. type: Content of: <sect1><note><para> msgid "" "Some of the directories below have already been created earlier with " "explicit instructions or when installing some packages. They are repeated " "below for completeness." msgstr "" "下面给出的一些目录已经在之前使用命令创建，或者在安装一些软件包时被创建。这里" "出于内容完整性的考虑，仍然给出它们。" #. type: Content of: <sect1><screen> #, no-wrap msgid "<userinput>mkdir -pv /{boot,home,mnt,opt,srv}</userinput>" msgstr "<userinput>mkdir -pv /{boot,home,mnt,opt,srv}</userinput>" #. type: Content of: <sect1><para> msgid "" "Create the required set of subdirectories below the root-level by issuing " "the following commands:" msgstr "执行以下命令，为这些直接位于根目录中的目录创建次级目录结构：" #. type: Content of: <sect1><screen> #, no-wrap msgid "" "<userinput>mkdir -pv /etc/{opt,sysconfig}\n" "mkdir -pv /lib/firmware\n" "mkdir -pv /media/{floppy,cdrom}\n" "mkdir -pv /usr/{,local/}{bin,include,lib,sbin,src}\n" "mkdir -pv /usr/{,local/}share/{color,dict,doc,info,locale,man}\n" "mkdir -pv /usr/{,local/}share/{misc,terminfo,zoneinfo}\n" "mkdir -pv /usr/{,local/}share/man/man{1..8}\n" "mkdir -pv /var/{cache,local,log,mail,opt,spool}\n" "mkdir -pv /var/lib/{color,misc,locate}\n" "\n" "ln -sfv /run /var/run\n" "ln -sfv /run/lock /var/lock\n" "\n" "install -dv -m 0750 /root\n" "install -dv -m 1777 /tmp /var/tmp</userinput>" msgstr "" "<userinput>mkdir -pv /etc/{opt,sysconfig}\n" "mkdir -pv /lib/firmware\n" "mkdir -pv /media/{floppy,cdrom}\n" "mkdir -pv /usr/{,local/}{bin,include,lib,sbin,src}\n" "mkdir -pv /usr/{,local/}share/{color,dict,doc,info,locale,man}\n" "mkdir -pv /usr/{,local/}share/{misc,terminfo,zoneinfo}\n" "mkdir -pv /usr/{,local/}share/man/man{1..8}\n" "mkdir -pv /var/{cache,local,log,mail,opt,spool}\n" "mkdir -pv /var/lib/{color,misc,locate}\n" "\n" "ln -sfv /run /var/run\n" "ln -sfv /run/lock /var/lock\n" "\n" "install -dv -m 0750 /root\n" "install -dv -m 1777 /tmp /var/tmp</userinput>" #. type: Content of: <sect1><para> msgid "" "Directories are, by default, created with permission mode 755, but this is " "not desirable for all directories. In the commands above, two changes are " "made—one to the home directory of user <systemitem class=\"username" "\">root</systemitem>, and another to the directories for temporary files." msgstr "" "默认情况下，新创建的目录具有权限码 755，但这并不适合所有目录。在以上命令中，" "两个目录的访问权限被修改 —— 一个是 <systemitem class=\"username\">root</" "systemitem> 的主目录，另一个是包含临时文件的目录。" #. type: Content of: <sect1><para> msgid "" "The first mode change ensures that not just anybody can enter the <filename " "class=\"directory\">/root</filename> directory—the same as a normal " "user would do with his or her home directory. The second mode change makes " "sure that any user can write to the <filename class=\"directory\">/tmp</" "filename> and <filename class=\"directory\">/var/tmp</filename> directories, " "but cannot remove another user's files from them. The latter is prohibited " "by the so-called <quote>sticky bit,</quote> the highest bit (1) in the 1777 " "bit mask." msgstr "" "第一个修改能保证不是所有人都能进入 <filename class=\"directory\">/root</" "filename> —— 一般用户也可以为他/她的主目录设置同样的 0750 权限码。第二个修改" "保证任何用户都可写入 <filename class=\"directory\">/tmp</filename> 和 " "<filename class=\"directory\">/var/tmp</filename> 目录，但不能从中删除其他用" "户的文件，因为所谓的 <quote>粘滞位</quote> (sticky bit)，即八进制权限码 1777 " "的最高位 (1) 阻止这样做。" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><title> msgid "FHS Compliance Note" msgstr "FHS 兼容性注记" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><para> msgid "" "The directory tree is based on the Filesystem Hierarchy Standard (FHS) " "(available at <ulink url=\"https://refspecs.linuxfoundation.org/fhs.shtml\"/" ">). The FHS also specifies the optional existence of some directories such " "as <filename class=\"directory\">/usr/local/games</filename> and <filename " "class=\"directory\">/usr/share/games</filename>. We create only the " "directories that are needed. However, feel free to create these directories." msgstr "" "这个目录树是基于 Filesystem Hierarchy Standard (FHS) (可以在 <ulink url=" "\"https://refspecs.linuxfoundation.org/fhs.shtml\"/> 查阅) 建立的。FHS 标准还" "规定了某些可选的目录，例如 <filename class=\"directory\">/usr/local/games</" "filename> 和 <filename class=\"directory\">/usr/share/games</filename>。我们" "只创建了必要的目录。不过，如果您需要的话可以自己创建这些可选目录。"

msgid "" msgstr "" "Project-Id-Version: PACKAGE VERSION\n" "POT-Creation-Date: 2020-08-08 19:28+0800\n" "PO-Revision-Date: YEAR-MO-DA HO:MI+ZONE\n" "Last-Translator: FULL NAME \n" "Language-Team: LANGUAGE \n" "Language: zh_CN\n" "MIME-Version: 1.0\n" "Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" "Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" "X-Generator: Translate Toolkit 2.2.5\n" #. type: Content of: msgid "Creating Directories" msgstr "创建目录" #. type: Content of: <sect1><para> msgid "It is time to create the full structure in the LFS file system." msgstr "现在可以在 LFS 文件系统中创建完整的目录结构。" #. type: Content of: <sect1><para> msgid "" "Create some root-level directories that are not in the limited set required " "in the previous chapters by issuing the following command:" msgstr "" "首先，执行命令，创建一些位于根目录中的目录，它们不属于之前章节需要的有限目录" "结构：" #. type: Content of: <sect1><note><para> msgid "" "Some of the directories below have already been created earlier with " "explicit instructions or when installing some packages. They are repeated " "below for completeness." msgstr "" "下面给出的一些目录已经在之前使用命令创建，或者在安装一些软件包时被创建。这里" "出于内容完整性的考虑，仍然给出它们。" #. type: Content of: <sect1><screen> #, no-wrap msgid "<userinput>mkdir -pv /{boot,home,mnt,opt,srv}</userinput>" msgstr "<userinput>mkdir -pv /{boot,home,mnt,opt,srv}</userinput>" #. type: Content of: <sect1><para> msgid "" "Create the required set of subdirectories below the root-level by issuing " "the following commands:" msgstr "执行以下命令，为这些直接位于根目录中的目录创建次级目录结构：" #. type: Content of: <sect1><screen> #, no-wrap msgid "" "<userinput>mkdir -pv /etc/{opt,sysconfig}\n" "mkdir -pv /lib/firmware\n" "mkdir -pv /media/{floppy,cdrom}\n" "mkdir -pv /usr/{,local/}{bin,include,lib,sbin,src}\n" "mkdir -pv /usr/{,local/}share/{color,dict,doc,info,locale,man}\n" "mkdir -pv /usr/{,local/}share/{misc,terminfo,zoneinfo}\n" "mkdir -pv /usr/{,local/}share/man/man{1..8}\n" "mkdir -pv /var/{cache,local,log,mail,opt,spool}\n" "mkdir -pv /var/lib/{color,misc,locate}\n" "\n" "ln -sfv /run /var/run\n" "ln -sfv /run/lock /var/lock\n" "\n" "install -dv -m 0750 /root\n" "install -dv -m 1777 /tmp /var/tmp</userinput>" msgstr "" "<userinput>mkdir -pv /etc/{opt,sysconfig}\n" "mkdir -pv /lib/firmware\n" "mkdir -pv /media/{floppy,cdrom}\n" "mkdir -pv /usr/{,local/}{bin,include,lib,sbin,src}\n" "mkdir -pv /usr/{,local/}share/{color,dict,doc,info,locale,man}\n" "mkdir -pv /usr/{,local/}share/{misc,terminfo,zoneinfo}\n" "mkdir -pv /usr/{,local/}share/man/man{1..8}\n" "mkdir -pv /var/{cache,local,log,mail,opt,spool}\n" "mkdir -pv /var/lib/{color,misc,locate}\n" "\n" "ln -sfv /run /var/run\n" "ln -sfv /run/lock /var/lock\n" "\n" "install -dv -m 0750 /root\n" "install -dv -m 1777 /tmp /var/tmp</userinput>" #. type: Content of: <sect1><para> msgid "" "Directories are, by default, created with permission mode 755, but this is " "not desirable for all directories. In the commands above, two changes are " "made—one to the home directory of user <systemitem class=\"username" "\">root</systemitem>, and another to the directories for temporary files." msgstr "" "默认情况下，新创建的目录具有权限码 755，但这并不适合所有目录。在以上命令中，" "两个目录的访问权限被修改 —— 一个是 <systemitem class=\"username\">root</" "systemitem> 的主目录，另一个是包含临时文件的目录。" #. type: Content of: <sect1><para> msgid "" "The first mode change ensures that not just anybody can enter the <filename " "class=\"directory\">/root</filename> directory—the same as a normal " "user would do with his or her home directory. The second mode change makes " "sure that any user can write to the <filename class=\"directory\">/tmp</" "filename> and <filename class=\"directory\">/var/tmp</filename> directories, " "but cannot remove another user's files from them. The latter is prohibited " "by the so-called <quote>sticky bit,</quote> the highest bit (1) in the 1777 " "bit mask." msgstr "" "第一个修改能保证不是所有人都能进入 <filename class=\"directory\">/root</" "filename> —— 一般用户也可以为他/她的主目录设置同样的 0750 权限码。第二个修改" "保证任何用户都可写入 <filename class=\"directory\">/tmp</filename> 和 " "<filename class=\"directory\">/var/tmp</filename> 目录，但不能从中删除其他用" "户的文件，因为所谓的 <quote>粘滞位</quote> (sticky bit)，即八进制权限码 1777 " "的最高位 (1) 阻止这样做。" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><title> msgid "FHS Compliance Note" msgstr "FHS 兼容性注记" #. type: Content of: <sect1><sect2><para> msgid "" "The directory tree is based on the Filesystem Hierarchy Standard (FHS) " "(available at <ulink url=\"https://refspecs.linuxfoundation.org/fhs.shtml\"/" ">). The FHS also specifies the optional existence of some directories such " "as <filename class=\"directory\">/usr/local/games</filename> and <filename " "class=\"directory\">/usr/share/games</filename>. We create only the " "directories that are needed. However, feel free to create these directories." msgstr "" "这个目录树是基于 Filesystem Hierarchy Standard (FHS) (可以在 <ulink url=" "\"https://refspecs.linuxfoundation.org/fhs.shtml\"/> 查阅) 建立的。FHS 标准还" "规定了某些可选的目录，例如 <filename class=\"directory\">/usr/local/games</" "filename> 和 <filename class=\"directory\">/usr/share/games</filename>。我们" "只创建了必要的目录。不过，如果您需要的话可以自己创建这些可选目录。"