#: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter04/addinguser.xml:11 msgid "Adding the LFS User" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter04/addinguser.xml:13 msgid "" "When logged in as user <systemitem class=\"username\">root</systemitem>, " "making a single mistake can damage or destroy a system. Therefore, the " "packages in the next two chapters are built as an unprivileged user. You " "could use your own user name, but to make it easier to set up a clean " "working environment, create a new user called <systemitem " "class=\"username\">lfs</systemitem> as a member of a new group (also named " "<systemitem class=\"groupname\">lfs</systemitem>) and use this user during " "the installation process. As <systemitem " "class=\"username\">root</systemitem>, issue the following commands to add " "the new user:" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><screen> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter04/addinguser.xml:23 #, no-wrap msgid "" "<userinput>groupadd lfs\n" "useradd -s /bin/bash -g lfs -m -k /dev/null lfs</userinput>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><variablelist><title> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter04/addinguser.xml:27 msgid "The meaning of the command line options:" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><variablelist><varlistentry><term> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter04/addinguser.xml:30 msgid "<parameter>-s /bin/bash</parameter>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter04/addinguser.xml:32 msgid "" "This makes <command>bash</command> the default shell for user <systemitem " "class=\"username\">lfs</systemitem>." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><variablelist><varlistentry><term> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter04/addinguser.xml:38 msgid "<parameter>-g lfs</parameter>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter04/addinguser.xml:40 msgid "" "This option adds user <systemitem class=\"username\">lfs</systemitem> to " "group <systemitem class=\"groupname\">lfs</systemitem>." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><variablelist><varlistentry><term> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter04/addinguser.xml:46 msgid "<parameter>-m</parameter>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter04/addinguser.xml:48 msgid "" "This creates a home directory for <systemitem " "class=\"username\">lfs</systemitem>." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><variablelist><varlistentry><term> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter04/addinguser.xml:54 msgid "<parameter>-k /dev/null</parameter>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter04/addinguser.xml:56 msgid "" "This parameter prevents possible copying of files from a skeleton directory " "(default is <filename class=\"directory\">/etc/skel</filename>) by changing " "the input location to the special null device." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><variablelist><varlistentry><term> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter04/addinguser.xml:63 msgid "<parameter>lfs</parameter>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter04/addinguser.xml:65 msgid "This is the actual name for the created user." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter04/addinguser.xml:71 msgid "" "To log in as <systemitem class=\"username\">lfs</systemitem> (as opposed to " "switching to user <systemitem class=\"username\">lfs</systemitem> when " "logged in as <systemitem class=\"username\">root</systemitem>, which does " "not require the <systemitem class=\"username\">lfs</systemitem> user to have " "a password), give <systemitem class=\"username\">lfs</systemitem> a " "password:" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><screen> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter04/addinguser.xml:77 #, no-wrap msgid "<userinput>passwd lfs</userinput>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter04/addinguser.xml:79 msgid "" "Grant <systemitem class=\"username\">lfs</systemitem> full access to all " "directories under <filename class=\"directory\">$LFS</filename> by making " "<systemitem class=\"username\">lfs</systemitem> the directory owner:" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><screen> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter04/addinguser.xml:83 #, no-wrap msgid "" "<userinput>chown -v lfs $LFS/{usr,lib,var,etc,bin,sbin,tools}\n" "case $(uname -m) in\n" " x86_64) chown -v lfs $LFS/lib64 ;;\n" "esac</userinput>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter04/addinguser.xml:88 msgid "" "If a separate working directory was created as suggested, give user " "<systemitem class=\"username\">lfs</systemitem> ownership of this directory:" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><screen> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter04/addinguser.xml:92 #, no-wrap msgid "<userinput>chown -v lfs $LFS/sources</userinput>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><note><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter04/addinguser.xml:94 msgid "" "In some host systems, the following command does not complete properly and " "suspends the login to the lfs user to the background. If the prompt " "\"lfs:~$\" does not appear immediately, entering the <command>fg</command> " "command will fix the issue." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter04/addinguser.xml:99 msgid "" "Next, login as user <systemitem class=\"username\">lfs</systemitem>. This " "can be done via a virtual console, through a display manager, or with the " "following substitute/switch user command:" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><screen> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter04/addinguser.xml:103 #, no-wrap msgid "<userinput>su - lfs</userinput>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter04/addinguser.xml:105 msgid "" "The <quote><parameter>-</parameter></quote> instructs <command>su</command> " "to start a login shell as opposed to a non-login shell. The difference " "between these two types of shells can be found in detail in " "<filename>bash(1)</filename> and <command>info bash</command>." msgstr ""

# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE # Copyright (C) YEAR Free Software Foundation, Inc. # This file is distributed under the same license as the PACKAGE package. # FIRST AUTHOR , YEAR. # #, fuzzy msgid "" msgstr "" "Project-Id-Version: PACKAGE VERSION\n" "POT-Creation-Date: 2020-06-17 12:44+0800\n" "PO-Revision-Date: YEAR-MO-DA HO:MI+ZONE\n" "Last-Translator: FULL NAME \n" "Language-Team: LANGUAGE \n" "Language: \n" "MIME-Version: 1.0\n" "Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n" "Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n" #. type: Content of: #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter04/addinguser.xml:11 msgid "Adding the LFS User" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter04/addinguser.xml:13 msgid "" "When logged in as user <systemitem class=\"username\">root</systemitem>, " "making a single mistake can damage or destroy a system. Therefore, the " "packages in the next two chapters are built as an unprivileged user. You " "could use your own user name, but to make it easier to set up a clean " "working environment, create a new user called <systemitem " "class=\"username\">lfs</systemitem> as a member of a new group (also named " "<systemitem class=\"groupname\">lfs</systemitem>) and use this user during " "the installation process. As <systemitem " "class=\"username\">root</systemitem>, issue the following commands to add " "the new user:" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><screen> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter04/addinguser.xml:23 #, no-wrap msgid "" "<userinput>groupadd lfs\n" "useradd -s /bin/bash -g lfs -m -k /dev/null lfs</userinput>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><variablelist><title> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter04/addinguser.xml:27 msgid "The meaning of the command line options:" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><variablelist><varlistentry><term> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter04/addinguser.xml:30 msgid "<parameter>-s /bin/bash</parameter>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter04/addinguser.xml:32 msgid "" "This makes <command>bash</command> the default shell for user <systemitem " "class=\"username\">lfs</systemitem>." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><variablelist><varlistentry><term> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter04/addinguser.xml:38 msgid "<parameter>-g lfs</parameter>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter04/addinguser.xml:40 msgid "" "This option adds user <systemitem class=\"username\">lfs</systemitem> to " "group <systemitem class=\"groupname\">lfs</systemitem>." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><variablelist><varlistentry><term> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter04/addinguser.xml:46 msgid "<parameter>-m</parameter>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter04/addinguser.xml:48 msgid "" "This creates a home directory for <systemitem " "class=\"username\">lfs</systemitem>." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><variablelist><varlistentry><term> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter04/addinguser.xml:54 msgid "<parameter>-k /dev/null</parameter>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter04/addinguser.xml:56 msgid "" "This parameter prevents possible copying of files from a skeleton directory " "(default is <filename class=\"directory\">/etc/skel</filename>) by changing " "the input location to the special null device." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><variablelist><varlistentry><term> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter04/addinguser.xml:63 msgid "<parameter>lfs</parameter>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter04/addinguser.xml:65 msgid "This is the actual name for the created user." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter04/addinguser.xml:71 msgid "" "To log in as <systemitem class=\"username\">lfs</systemitem> (as opposed to " "switching to user <systemitem class=\"username\">lfs</systemitem> when " "logged in as <systemitem class=\"username\">root</systemitem>, which does " "not require the <systemitem class=\"username\">lfs</systemitem> user to have " "a password), give <systemitem class=\"username\">lfs</systemitem> a " "password:" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><screen> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter04/addinguser.xml:77 #, no-wrap msgid "<userinput>passwd lfs</userinput>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter04/addinguser.xml:79 msgid "" "Grant <systemitem class=\"username\">lfs</systemitem> full access to all " "directories under <filename class=\"directory\">$LFS</filename> by making " "<systemitem class=\"username\">lfs</systemitem> the directory owner:" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><screen> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter04/addinguser.xml:83 #, no-wrap msgid "" "<userinput>chown -v lfs $LFS/{usr,lib,var,etc,bin,sbin,tools}\n" "case $(uname -m) in\n" " x86_64) chown -v lfs $LFS/lib64 ;;\n" "esac</userinput>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter04/addinguser.xml:88 msgid "" "If a separate working directory was created as suggested, give user " "<systemitem class=\"username\">lfs</systemitem> ownership of this directory:" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><screen> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter04/addinguser.xml:92 #, no-wrap msgid "<userinput>chown -v lfs $LFS/sources</userinput>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><note><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter04/addinguser.xml:94 msgid "" "In some host systems, the following command does not complete properly and " "suspends the login to the lfs user to the background. If the prompt " "\"lfs:~$\" does not appear immediately, entering the <command>fg</command> " "command will fix the issue." msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter04/addinguser.xml:99 msgid "" "Next, login as user <systemitem class=\"username\">lfs</systemitem>. This " "can be done via a virtual console, through a display manager, or with the " "following substitute/switch user command:" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><screen> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter04/addinguser.xml:103 #, no-wrap msgid "<userinput>su - lfs</userinput>" msgstr "" #. type: Content of: <sect1><para> #: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter04/addinguser.xml:105 msgid "" "The <quote><parameter>-</parameter></quote> instructs <command>su</command> " "to start a login shell as opposed to a non-login shell. The difference " "between these two types of shells can be found in detail in " "<filename>bash(1)</filename> and <command>info bash</command>." msgstr ""