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@@ -1,71 +1,83 @@
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-# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE
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-# Copyright (C) YEAR Free Software Foundation, Inc.
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-# This file is distributed under the same license as the PACKAGE package.
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-# FIRST AUTHOR <EMAIL@ADDRESS>, YEAR.
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-#
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-#, fuzzy
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msgid ""
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msgstr ""
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"Project-Id-Version: PACKAGE VERSION\n"
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-"POT-Creation-Date: 2020-06-17 12:44+0800\n"
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+"POT-Creation-Date: 2020-06-18 12:24+0800\n"
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"PO-Revision-Date: YEAR-MO-DA HO:MI+ZONE\n"
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"Last-Translator: FULL NAME <EMAIL@ADDRESS>\n"
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"Language-Team: LANGUAGE <LL@li.org>\n"
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-"Language: \n"
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+"Language: zh_CN\n"
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"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
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"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
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"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
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+"X-Generator: Translate Toolkit 2.2.5\n"
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#. type: Content of: <sect1><title>
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#: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter04/settingenviron.xml:11
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msgid "Setting Up the Environment"
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-msgstr ""
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+msgstr "配置环境"
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#. type: Content of: <sect1><para>
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#: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter04/settingenviron.xml:13
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msgid ""
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"Set up a good working environment by creating two new startup files for the "
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-"<command>bash</command> shell. While logged in as user <systemitem "
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-"class=\"username\">lfs</systemitem>, issue the following command to create a "
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-"new <filename>.bash_profile</filename>:"
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+"<command>bash</command> shell. While logged in as user <systemitem class="
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+"\"username\">lfs</systemitem>, issue the following command to create a new "
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+"<filename>.bash_profile</filename>:"
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msgstr ""
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+"为了配置一个良好的工作环境，我们为 <command>bash</command> 创建两个新的启动脚"
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+"本。以 <systemitem class=\"username\">lfs</systemitem> 的身份，执行以下命令，"
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+"创建一个新的 <filename>.bash_profile</filename>："
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#. type: Content of: <sect1><screen>
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#: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter04/settingenviron.xml:18
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#, no-wrap
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msgid ""
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"<userinput>cat > ~/.bash_profile << \"EOF\"\n"
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-"<literal>exec env -i HOME=$HOME TERM=$TERM PS1='\\u:\\w\\$ ' "
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-"/bin/bash</literal>\n"
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+"<literal>exec env -i HOME=$HOME TERM=$TERM PS1='\\u:\\w\\$ ' /bin/bash</literal>\n"
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"EOF</userinput>"
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msgstr ""
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+"<userinput>cat > ~/.bash_profile << \"EOF\"\n"
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+"<literal>exec env -i HOME=$HOME TERM=$TERM PS1='\\u:\\w\\$ ' /bin/bash</literal>\n"
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+"EOF</userinput>"
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+# swap two labels
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#. type: Content of: <sect1><para>
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#: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter04/settingenviron.xml:22
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msgid ""
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"When logged on as user <systemitem class=\"username\">lfs</systemitem>, the "
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"initial shell is usually a <emphasis>login</emphasis> shell which reads the "
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"<filename>/etc/profile</filename> of the host (probably containing some "
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-"settings and environment variables) and then "
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-"<filename>.bash_profile</filename>. The <command>exec env "
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-"-i.../bin/bash</command> command in the <filename>.bash_profile</filename> "
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-"file replaces the running shell with a new one with a completely empty "
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-"environment, except for the <envar>HOME</envar>, <envar>TERM</envar>, and "
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-"<envar>PS1</envar> variables. This ensures that no unwanted and potentially "
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-"hazardous environment variables from the host system leak into the build "
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-"environment. The technique used here achieves the goal of ensuring a clean "
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-"environment."
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+"settings and environment variables) and then <filename>.bash_profile</"
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+"filename>. The <command>exec env -i.../bin/bash</command> command in the "
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+"<filename>.bash_profile</filename> file replaces the running shell with a "
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+"new one with a completely empty environment, except for the <envar>HOME</"
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+"envar>, <envar>TERM</envar>, and <envar>PS1</envar> variables. This ensures "
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+"that no unwanted and potentially hazardous environment variables from the "
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+"host system leak into the build environment. The technique used here "
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+"achieves the goal of ensuring a clean environment."
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msgstr ""
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+"在以 <systemitem class=\"username\">lfs</systemitem> 用户登录时，初始的 "
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+"shell 一般是一个<emphasis>登录</emphasis> shell。它读取宿主系统的 "
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+"<filename>/etc/profile</filename> 文件 (可能包含一些设置和环境变量)，然后读"
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+"取 <filename>.bash_profile</filename> 。我们在 <filename>.bash_profile</"
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+"filename> 中使用 <command>exec env -i.../bin/bash</command> 命令，新建一个除"
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+"了 <envar>HOME</envar>, <envar>TERM</envar> 以及 <envar>PS1</envar> 外没有任"
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+"何环境变量的 shell ，替换当前 shell ，防止宿主环境中不必要和有潜在风险的环境"
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+"变量进入编译环境。通过使用以上技巧，我们创建了一个干净环境。"
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#. type: Content of: <sect1><para>
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#: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter04/settingenviron.xml:34
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msgid ""
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"The new instance of the shell is a <emphasis>non-login</emphasis> shell, "
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-"which does not read, and execute, the conten of "
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-"<filename>/etc/profile</filename> or <filename>.bash_profile</filename> "
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-"files, but rather reads, and executes, the <filename>.bashrc</filename> file "
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-"instead. Create the <filename>.bashrc</filename> file now:"
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+"which does not read, and execute, the conten of <filename>/etc/profile</"
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+"filename> or <filename>.bash_profile</filename> files, but rather reads, and "
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+"executes, the <filename>.bashrc</filename> file instead. Create the "
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+"<filename>.bashrc</filename> file now:"
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msgstr ""
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+"新的 shell 实例是 <emphasis>非登录</emphasis> shell ，它不会读取和执行 "
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+"<filename>/etc/profile</filename> 或者 <filename>.bash_profile</filename> 的"
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+"内容，而是读取并执行 <filename>.bashrc</filename> 文件。现在我们就创建一个 "
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+"<filename>.bashrc</filename> 文件："
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#. type: Content of: <sect1><screen>
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#: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter04/settingenviron.xml:40
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@@ -83,36 +95,54 @@ msgid ""
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"export LFS LC_ALL LFS_TGT PATH</literal>\n"
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"EOF</userinput>"
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msgstr ""
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+"<userinput>cat > ~/.bashrc << \"EOF\"\n"
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+"<literal>set +h\n"
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+"umask 022\n"
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+"LFS=/mnt/lfs\n"
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+"LC_ALL=POSIX\n"
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+"LFS_TGT=$(uname -m)-lfs-linux-gnu\n"
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+"PATH=/usr/bin\n"
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+"if [ ! -L /bin ]; then PATH=/bin:$PATH; fi\n"
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+"PATH=$LFS/tools/bin:$PATH\n"
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+"export LFS LC_ALL LFS_TGT PATH</literal>\n"
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+"EOF</userinput>"
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#. type: Content of: <sect1><variablelist><title>
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#: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter04/settingenviron.xml:53
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msgid "The meaning of the settings in <filename>.bashrc</filename>"
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-msgstr ""
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+msgstr "<filename>.bashrc</filename> 中设定的含义："
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#. type: Content of: <sect1><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
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#: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter04/settingenviron.xml:56
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msgid "<parameter>set +h</parameter>"
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-msgstr ""
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+msgstr "<parameter>set +h</parameter>"
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#. type: Content of: <sect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
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#: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter04/settingenviron.xml:58
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msgid ""
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"The <command>set +h</command> command turns off <command>bash</command>'s "
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-"hash function. Hashing is ordinarily a useful "
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-"feature—<command>bash</command> uses a hash table to remember the full "
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-"path of executable files to avoid searching the <envar>PATH</envar> time and "
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-"again to find the same executable. However, the new tools should be used as "
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-"soon as they are installed. By switching off the hash function, the shell "
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-"will always search the <envar>PATH</envar> when a program is to be run. As "
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-"such, the shell will find the newly compiled tools in <filename "
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-"class=\"directory\">~/tools</filename> as soon as they are available without "
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-"remembering a previous version of the same program in a different location."
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+"hash function. Hashing is ordinarily a useful feature—<command>bash</"
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+"command> uses a hash table to remember the full path of executable files to "
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+"avoid searching the <envar>PATH</envar> time and again to find the same "
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+"executable. However, the new tools should be used as soon as they are "
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+"installed. By switching off the hash function, the shell will always search "
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+"the <envar>PATH</envar> when a program is to be run. As such, the shell will "
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+"find the newly compiled tools in <filename class=\"directory\">$LFS/tools</"
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+"filename> as soon as they are available without remembering a previous "
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+"version of the same program in a different location."
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msgstr ""
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+"<command>set +h</command> 命令关闭 <command>bash</command> 的散列功能。一般情"
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+"况下，散列是很有用的 —— <command>bash</command> 使用一个散列表维护各个可执行"
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+"文件的完整路径，这样就不用每次都在 <envar>PATH</envar> 指定的目录中搜索可执行"
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+"文件。然而，在构建 LFS 时，我们希望总是使用最新安装的工具。因此，需要关闭散列"
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+"功能，使得 shell 在运行程序时总是搜索 <envar>PATH</envar> 。这样，shell 总是"
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+"能够找到 <filename class=\"directory\">$LFS/tools</filename> 目录中那些最新编"
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+"译的工具，而不是使用之前记忆的另一个目录中的程序。"
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#. type: Content of: <sect1><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
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#: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter04/settingenviron.xml:73
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msgid "<parameter>umask 022</parameter>"
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-msgstr ""
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+msgstr "<parameter>umask 022</parameter>"
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#. type: Content of: <sect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
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#: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter04/settingenviron.xml:75
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@@ -123,36 +153,44 @@ msgid ""
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"<function>open(2)</function> system call, new files will end up with "
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"permission mode 644 and directories with mode 755)."
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msgstr ""
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+"将用户的文件创建掩码 (umask) 设定为 022 ，保证只有文件所有者可以写新创建的文"
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+"件和目录，但任何人都可读取、执行它们。(如果 <function>open(2)</function> 系"
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+"统调用使用默认模式，则新文件将具有权限码 644 ，而新目录具有权限码 755)。"
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#. type: Content of: <sect1><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
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#: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter04/settingenviron.xml:84
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msgid "<parameter>LFS=/mnt/lfs</parameter>"
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-msgstr ""
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+msgstr "<parameter>LFS=/mnt/lfs</parameter>"
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#. type: Content of: <sect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
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#: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter04/settingenviron.xml:86
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-msgid "The <envar>LFS</envar> variable should be set to the chosen mount point."
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-msgstr ""
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+msgid ""
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+"The <envar>LFS</envar> variable should be set to the chosen mount point."
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+msgstr "<envar>LFS</envar> 环境变量必须被设定为之前选择的挂载点。"
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#. type: Content of: <sect1><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
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#: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter04/settingenviron.xml:92
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msgid "<parameter>LC_ALL=POSIX</parameter>"
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-msgstr ""
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+msgstr "<parameter>LC_ALL=POSIX</parameter>"
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#. type: Content of: <sect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
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#: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter04/settingenviron.xml:94
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msgid ""
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"The <envar>LC_ALL</envar> variable controls the localization of certain "
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"programs, making their messages follow the conventions of a specified "
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-"country. Setting <envar>LC_ALL</envar> to <quote>POSIX</quote> or "
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-"<quote>C</quote> (the two are equivalent) ensures that everything will work "
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-"as expected in the chroot environment."
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+"country. Setting <envar>LC_ALL</envar> to <quote>POSIX</quote> or <quote>C</"
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+"quote> (the two are equivalent) ensures that everything will work as "
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+"expected in the chroot environment."
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msgstr ""
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+"<envar>LC_ALL</envar> 环境变量控制某些程序的本地化行为，使得它们以特定国家的"
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+"语言和惯例输出消息。将 <envar>LC_ALL</envar> 设置为 <quote>POSIX</quote> 或"
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+"者 <quote>C</quote>(这两种设置是等价的) 可以保证在 chroot 环境中所有命令的"
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+"行为完全符合预期，而与宿主的本地化设置无关。"
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#. type: Content of: <sect1><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
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#: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter04/settingenviron.xml:103
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msgid "<parameter>LFS_TGT=(uname -m)-lfs-linux-gnu</parameter>"
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-msgstr ""
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+msgstr "<parameter>LFS_TGT=(uname -m)-lfs-linux-gnu</parameter>"
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#. type: Content of: <sect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
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#: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter04/settingenviron.xml:105
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@@ -162,29 +200,38 @@ msgid ""
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"when cross compiling our temporary toolchain. More information is contained "
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"in <xref linkend=\"ch-tools-toolchaintechnotes\" role=\"\"/>."
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msgstr ""
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+"<envar>LFS_TGT</envar>变量设定了一个非默认，但与宿主系统兼容的机器描述符。该"
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+"描述符被用于构建交叉编译器和交叉编译临时工具链。<xref linkend=\"ch-tools-"
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+"toolchaintechnotes\" role=\"\"/>包含了关于这个描述符的更多信息。"
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#. type: Content of: <sect1><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
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#: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter04/settingenviron.xml:113
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msgid "<parameter>PATH=/usr/bin</parameter>"
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-msgstr ""
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+msgstr "<parameter>PATH=/usr/bin</parameter>"
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#. type: Content of: <sect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
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#: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter04/settingenviron.xml:115
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msgid ""
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-"Many modern linux distributions have merged <filename "
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-"class=\"directory\">/bin</filename> and <filename "
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-"class=\"directory\">/usr/bin</filename>. When this is the case, the standard "
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-"<envar>PATH</envar> variable needs just to be set to <filename "
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-"class=\"directory\">/usr/bin/</filename> for the <xref "
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+"Many modern linux distributions have merged <filename class=\"directory\">/"
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+"bin</filename> and <filename class=\"directory\">/usr/bin</filename>. When "
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+"this is the case, the standard <envar>PATH</envar> variable needs just to be "
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+"set to <filename class=\"directory\">/usr/bin/</filename> for the <xref "
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"linkend=\"chapter-temporary-tools\"/> environment. When this is not the "
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"case, the following line adds <filename class=\"directory\">/bin</filename> "
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"to the path."
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msgstr ""
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+"许多现代 Linux 发行版合并了 <filename class=\"directory\">/bin</filename> "
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+"和 <filename class=\"directory\">/usr/bin</filename>。"
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+"在这种情况下，标准 <envar>PATH</envar> 变量只需要被设定为 "
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+"<filename class=\"directory\">/usr/bin</filename>，"
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+"即可满足<xref linkend=\"chapter-temporary-tools\"/>的环境。"
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+"否则，后续命令将会增加 <filename class=\"directory\">/bin</filename> "
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+"到搜索路径中。"
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#. type: Content of: <sect1><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
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#: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter04/settingenviron.xml:127
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msgid "<parameter>if [ ! -L /bin ]; then PATH=/bin:$PATH; fi</parameter>"
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-msgstr ""
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+msgstr "<parameter>if [ ! -L /bin ]; then PATH=/bin:$PATH; fi</parameter>"
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#. type: Content of: <sect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
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#: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter04/settingenviron.xml:129
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@@ -192,11 +239,13 @@ msgid ""
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"If <filename class=\"directory\">/bin</filename> is not a symbolic link, "
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"then it has to be added to the <envar>PATH</envar> variable."
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msgstr ""
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+"如果 <filename class=\"directory\">/bin</filename> 不是符号链接，"
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+"则它需要被添加到 <envar>PATH</envar> 变量中。"
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#. type: Content of: <sect1><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
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#: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter04/settingenviron.xml:135
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msgid "<parameter>PATH=$LFS/tools/bin:$PATH</parameter>"
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-msgstr ""
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+msgstr "<parameter>PATH=$LFS/tools/bin:$PATH</parameter>"
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#. type: Content of: <sect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
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#: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter04/settingenviron.xml:137
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@@ -208,11 +257,15 @@ msgid ""
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"hashing, limits the risk that the compiler from the host be used instead of "
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"the cross-compiler."
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msgstr ""
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+"我们将 <filename class=\"directory\">$LFS/tools/bin</filename> 附加在默认的 "
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+"<envar>PATH</envar> 环境变量之前，这样在<xref linkend=\"chapter-cross-tools"
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+"\"/>中，我们一旦安装了新的程序，shell 就能立刻使用它们。这与关闭散列功能相结"
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+"合，降低了在第 5 章环境中新程序可用时错误地使用宿主系统中旧程序的风险。"
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#. type: Content of: <sect1><variablelist><varlistentry><term>
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#: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter04/settingenviron.xml:147
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msgid "<parameter>export LFS LC_ALL LFS_TGT PATH</parameter>"
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-msgstr ""
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+msgstr "<parameter>export LFS LC_ALL LFS_TGT PATH</parameter>"
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#. type: Content of: <sect1><variablelist><varlistentry><listitem><para>
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#: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter04/settingenviron.xml:149
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@@ -220,6 +273,8 @@ msgid ""
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"While the above commands have set some variables, in order to make them "
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"visible within any sub-shells, we export them."
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msgstr ""
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+"前面的命令设定了一些变量，为了让所有子 shell 都能使用这些变量，"
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+"需要导出它们。"
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#. type: Content of: <sect1><para>
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#: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter04/settingenviron.xml:156
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@@ -227,9 +282,10 @@ msgid ""
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"Finally, to have the environment fully prepared for building the temporary "
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"tools, source the just-created user profile:"
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msgstr ""
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+"最后，为了完全准备好编译临时工具的环境，指示 shell 读取刚才创建的配置文件："
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#. type: Content of: <sect1><screen>
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#: /home/xry111/svn-repos/LFS-BOOK/chapter04/settingenviron.xml:159
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#, no-wrap
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msgid "<userinput>source ~/.bash_profile</userinput>"
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-msgstr ""
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+msgstr "<userinput>source ~/.bash_profile</userinput>"
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Xℹ Ruoyao